http://hdl.handle.net/10862/595 Proceedings of the Meeting on the Use of Chemicals in Aquaculture in Asia 20-22 May 1996, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines 2026-04-09T13:02:51Z http://hdl.handle.net/10862/611 Antibacterial chemotherapy in aquaculture: review of practice, associated risks and need for action Inglis, V. Arthur, J. Richard; Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; Subasinghe, Rohana P. This paper briefly reviews the use of chemicals to prevent and treat bacterial diseases in aquaculture, and provides a detailed summary of the current state of knowledge on the development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in fish and shellfish. The topics covered include mechanisms of resistance, resistance of bacterial fish pathogens, resistance to antibacterial agents associated with use in aquaculture, and factors causing selection of resistant variants. Emphasis is placed on avoiding and solving problems related to bacterial resistance in aquaculture, and recommendations on antibiotic usage in aquaculture are made. 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10862/602 Government regulations concerning the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Japan Wilder, Marcy N. Arthur, J. Richard; Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; Subasinghe, Rohana P. In Japan, fisheries research activity is of a very diversified nature and is overseen by the national and prefectural governments. Regarding the use of chemicals in aquaculture, various regulations exist to protect the safety of cultured aquatic animals intended for human consumption. Under Japan’s Drug Laws, certain materials are designated as “medical products” for use in humans and animals, and their usage is strictly regulated. This paper introduces aspects of this legislation as relevant to the aquaculture industry and discusses how they are actually applied on the level of operation. Prefectural fish disease centers and extension services engage in the actual supervision of the use of such designated chemicals. In reference to government research structure, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries maintains 29 national research institutes, nine of which are fisheries institutes directly under the Fisheries Agency. The prevention and treatment of fish disease is an important research theme, and programs are being implemented, especially at the National Research Institute of Aquaculture. An auxiliary organ of the Fisheries Agency, the Japan Fisheries Resource Conservation Association operates educational and training programs for employees of prefectural centers and extension services whereby individuals receive certification as fish health specialists. 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10862/606 Preliminary review of the legal framework governing the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Asia Van Houtte, Annick Arthur, J. Richard; Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; Subasinghe, Rohana P. This preliminary review looks into legislation governing the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Asia. Brief assessments are made of the legislation relating to chemical contamination and the use of veterinary drugs and feed additives, a section is dedicated to trade in aquaculture products, and a few conclusions are then drawn. While mandatory measures of control are desirable and feasible, soft law instruments, such as codes of practice and conduct, allow an element of flexibility to be maintained while avoiding undue legislative restraints on scientific and technical progress. 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10862/610 Ecological effects of the use of chemicals in aquaculture Weston, Donald P. Arthur, J. Richard; Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; Subasinghe, Rohana P. Many aquaculture chemicals are, by their very nature, biocidal, and may be released to the surrounding environment at toxic concentrations either through misuse, or in some cases, even by following generally accepted procedures for use. Thus, there is a potential for mortality of nontarget organisms. Illustrations are provided of three classes of aquaculture chemicals and their effects on non-target biota: 1) use of a carbaryl pesticide and mortality of non-target invertebrates; 2) use of an organophosphate parasiticide and suspected effects on nearby biota; and 3) effects of antibacterial residues in aquatic sediments on the associated microbial community. Efforts to assess the risks posed by aquaculture chemicals are often frustrated by a lack of information on environmental fate and effects, and data needs to resolve this situation are identified. 2000-01-01T00:00:00Z