http://hdl.handle.net/10862/948 2026-04-09T09:57:21Z http://hdl.handle.net/10862/967 Use of mangroves for aquaculture: Myanmar. Win, U Tin Aquaculture has only started to develop rapidly in the past few decades, due to better knowledge of culture species, improved methodologies and techniques in breeding, nutrition and increasing demand for food fish of high-value species such as shrimps, sea bass and groupers. Mangrove deforestation has an impact on shrimp culture itself, the success of the latter (when traditional culture method is used) depends on stocking of wild fry. For semi-intensive and intensive shrimp culture, the number of wild caught spawners may decrease because wild shrimp populations also use mangrove swamps as its feeding ground. Other negative effects of mangrove destruction to make way to shrimp ponds, include water pollution from pond effluents, sedimentation from the release of solid materials from pond, interruption of the tidal water flow, dwindling natural shrimp and fish stock due to increased pollution or product contamination due to indiscriminate use of chemicals. Chemicals and drugs (antibiotic) should not be used in fish and shrimp culture for prevention and control of bacteria and viral diseases. In order to ensure the sustainable development of aquaculture, it is important to bear in mind the interdependence of technology and natural resource under various socioeconomic setting. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10862/964 The use of mangroves for aquaculture: Cambodia. Song, Srun Lim Natural conditions of the coastal and ecosystems of Cambodia have made this country rich of biodiversity resources. Cambodia’s 435 km coastline is covered with large estuaries with about 85,100 ha of mangrove forests (Nelson 1999). Even the coastline disadvantageously compares to that of other countries of the Southeast China Sea region, but its natural creations such as large and small bays, number of big and small inshore and off-shore islands, sea floor, oceanic current, freshwater rivers and streams, weather etc., support the diversification of all bio-resources. Fortunately, due to the fact that most Cambodians are interested in inland rather than coastal aquaculture, as well as suitable development management and conservation policies of the Government in the past, these natural habitats remained pristine until 1970. However, the habitats have been disturbed because of the various exploitation and development works for several decades during the wartime and even after, due to lack of managerial strategy. Cambodia had joined the Biodiversity Convention since February 1994, but until now, due to economic depression and poverty, the national awareness on the importance of biodiversity conservation is very limited. The crowded competition on exploitation of nature including coastal and marine resources, have been very aggressive in recent years that degraded the natural environment faster. Currently, many efforts and attempts by NGOs and international organizations have been made in collaboration with the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, to alleviate the marine and coastal resources pressures. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10862/951 Integrated physical and biological technologies for water recycling in shrimp farms. Songsangjinda, Putth Environment-friendly shrimp culture system has been an issue for improving shrimp farming and making it sustainable. In the past decade, Thailand adopted the open shrimp culture system, which consumed a lot of coastal and estuarine waters. The huge amount of nutrients and organic matter are dumped into the water receiving areas, resulting in eutrophication of the natural resource. A strategy developed to solve the problem was to reduce the water consumption in shrimp farms by recycling the water and re-using it for succeeding culture operations. The technologies that have been adopted for water treatment in recycling included physical, biological and chemical treatments. Since the effluent from shrimp farms is turbid, in high volume, and enriched with organic nutrients, the integration of physical and biological treatment was considered a potential treatment system that can be used extensively in recycling the effluents from shrimp farms. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10862/958 Capacity of mangroves to process shrimp pond effluents. Primavera, Jurgenne Shrimp culture has been criticized for causing mangrove loss and discharging effluents laden with chemicals, organic matter and nutrients into waterways. Hence the SEAFDEC Council mandated SEAFDEC/AQD to undertake studies that integrate aquaculture with mangroves. Thus, the Mangrove-Friendly Shrimp Culture Project follows two models: (a) the use of mangrove forests as filters to process effluents from intensive culture ponds, and (b) aquasilviculture which integrates low-density culture of crabs, etc. with mangroves. Worldwide only a few projects to date have tested mangroves as nutrient filters, hence the need to focus on this property of mangroves. 2004-01-01T00:00:00Z