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Parasitic diseases
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
A wide variety of parasitic organisms have been reported as causing significant problems in grouper aquaculture. In the hatchery and nursery stages, parasitic diseases of groupers are caused predominantly by protozoans, ...
Bacterial diseases
Tendencia, Eleonor 
; (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
; (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Bacteria are very common in the aquatic environment. Most bacterial disease agents are part of the normal flora of the water. They cause disease only when the fish are stressed due to poor environmental conditions, inadequate ...
Nutritional diseases
Amar, Edgar C. ; (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
; (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Nutritional diseases of fish may develop as a result of deficiency (undernutrition), excess (overnutrition), or imbalance (malnutrition) of nutrients present in their food. The disease usually develops gradually because ...
Environmental diseases
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
This chapter focuses on swimbladder stress syndrome and gas bubble disease, the two most common disorders due to adverse environmental conditions.
Diseases of cultured groupers
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Groupers (Epinephelus) are recognized as economically-important marine fish and abundantly cultured in Southeast Asia for domestic consumption and overseas export. Various diseases occur in grouper aquaculture and frequently ...