Use of Chemicals in Aquaculture in Asia: Proceedings of the Meeting on the Use of Chemicals in Aquaculture in Asia, 20-22 May 1996, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines
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Abstract
The use of chemicals is common in various aquaculture systems, as it is in many agricultural practices. However, with growing worldwide awareness of the need for responsible practices in aquaculture, governments and aquaculturists are increasingly concerned with the effects of the use of chemicals in aquaculture, especially those which appear likely to be hazardous to man, cultured stock and/or the environment. The need to synthesize and disseminate information on the use and management of double prime aquachemicals double prime was recognized by the Fishery Resources Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC) Aquaculture Department, who convened double prime The Expert Meeting on the Use of Chemicals in Aquaculture in Asia, double prime which was held 20-22 May 1996 at the SEAFDEC facilities in Tigbauan, Iloilo, the Philippines. Support was provided by FAO, SEAFDEC and the Canadian International Development Agency s (CIDA) ASEAN Fund. The World Health Organization (WHO) supported the participation of a human health expert. The meeting was attended by 27 participants and more than 70 observers from the public and private sectors of 20 countries. Among the attendees were representatives from the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA), the Fish Health Section of the Asian Fisheries Society (FHS/AFS), the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), the GESAMP Working Group on Environmental Impacts of Coastal Aquaculture, and the ICES Working Group on Environmental Interactions of Mariculture. The results of this expert workshop are presented in this volume. They include the texts of presentations on a wide range of topics (thematic reviews) related to the use of chemicals in aquaculture, with emphasis on the Asian Region, as well as country overview papers summarizing the use of aquachemicals in Asian countries. The contributions of the selected participants during the meeting are contained in this volume.
Suggested Citation
Arthur, J. R., Lavilla-Pitogo, C. R., & Subasinghe, R. P. (Eds.). (2000). Use of Chemicals in Aquaculture in Asia: Proceedings of the Meeting on the Use of Chemicals in Aquaculture in Asia, 20-22 May 1996, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
Contents
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- REVIEW PAPERS
- Chemicals in Asian aquaculture: need, usage, issues and challenges / Rohana P. Subasinghe, Uwe Barg, & Albert Tacon
- Antibacterial chemotherapy in aquaculture: review of practice, associated risks and need for action / Valerie Inglis
- Ecological effects of the use of chemicals in aquaculture / Donald P. Weston
- Transferable drug resistance plasmids in fish-pathogenic bacteria / Takashi Aoki
- The use of chemicals in aquafeed / Mali Boonyaratpalin
- Human health aspects of the use of chemicals in aquaculture, with special emphasis on food safety and regulations / Palarp Sinhaseni, Malinee Limpoka & Ornrat Samatiwat
- Preliminary review of the legal framework governing the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Asia / Annick van Houtte
- COUNTRY/AREA PAPERS
- The use of chemicals in carp and shrimp aquaculture in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Lao PDR, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Viet Nam / Michael Phillips
- The use of chemicals in aquaculture in India / S.C. Pathak, S.K. Gosh & K. Palanisamy
- The use of chemicals in aquaculture in Indonesia / Hambali Supriyadi & Akhmad Rukyani
- Government regulations concerning the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Japan / Marcy N. Wilder
- The use of chemicals in aquaculture in Malaysia and Singapore / Mohamed Shariff, Gopinath Nagaraj, F.H.C. Chua & Y.G. Wang
- The use of chemicals in aquaculture in the People's Republic of China / Jiang Yulin
- The use of chemicals in aquaculture in the Philippines / Erlinda R. Cruz-Lacierda, Leobert de la Peña & Susan Lumanlan-Mayo
- The use of chemotherapeutic agents in shrimp hatcheries in Sri Lanka / P.K.M. Wijegoonawardena & P.P.G.S.N. Siriwardena
- The use of chemicals in aquaculture in Taiwan, Province of China / I. Chiu Liao, Jiin-Ju Guo & Mao-Sen Su
- The use of chemicals in aquaculture in Thailand / Kamonporn Tonguthai
- WORKSHOP SUMMARY
- DISCUSSIONS
- LISTS OF PARTICIPANTS AND OBSERVERS
- WORKING STAFF
Type
Book; Conference publicationISBN
9718511490Format
vii, 235 p. : ill.
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Preliminary review of the legal framework governing the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Asia
Van Houtte, Annick (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2000)This preliminary review looks into legislation governing the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Asia. Brief assessments are made of the legislation relating to chemical contamination and the use of veterinary drugs and feed additives, a section is dedicated to trade in aquaculture products, and a few conclusions are then drawn. While mandatory measures of control are desirable and feasible, soft law instruments, such as codes of practice and conduct, allow an element of flexibility to be maintained while avoiding undue legislative restraints on scientific and technical progress. -
The use of chemicals in aquaculture in Malaysia and Singapore
Mohamed, Shariff; Nagaraj, Gopinath; Chua, F. H. C.; Wang, Y. G. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2000)Aquaculture is an increasingly important force in both the Malaysian as well as the Singaporean economies. In recent years, Singapore has focused on the aquarium fish trade, making it one of the largest ornamental fish production and transhipment centers in the world. Similarly, the Malaysian aquaculture industry has made rapid strides in the last few years and is poised to become a major contributor to the national fish supply by the early part of the next century. A significant trend in both countries has been the growing intensification of culture systems to achieve higher production per unit area. This has led to a greater occurrence of disease, particularly among aquarium fish, shrimp and marine fish farms. To obviate and control these diseases, there has been a concurrent increase in the use of chemotherapeutants. The three major groups of commonly used chemotherapeutants are: topical disinfectants, antimicrobials and probiotics. There is a wide range of topical disinfectants used by aquafarmers. The most common of these include lime, teaseed cake, formalin, benzalkonium chloride, acriflavine, malachite green, hypochlorite and poly-vinyl pyrrolidine. Of these, lime and teaseed cake are used exclusively in ponds, and acriflavine and malachite green only in hatcheries, while the others are used in both systems. Antimicrobials being used include sulfonamides, tetracyclines, nitrofurans, chloramphenicol, oxolinic acid and virginiamycin. A number of other chemotherapeutants are also used, albeit on a limited basis. The current concerns surrounding the use of chemotherapeutants and the legislative framework surrounding their sale and distribution are also discussed. -
The use of chemicals in aquaculture in Indonesia
Supriyadi, Hambali; Rukyani, Akhmad (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2000)Aquaculture systems in Indonesia have developed toward intensive culture. As a result of intensification of fish culture, increased outbreaks of disease have occurred. Various chemotherapeutic agents like antibiotics and other chemicals have been widely used for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in fish and shrimp farms. Antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, prefuran and enrofloxacin are used in the treatment of bacterial diseases. Other chemicals such as malachite green oxalate, potassium permanganate, formalin, methylene blue, chlorine and teaseed have been used for the treatment of various diseases. Organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, and inorganic fertilizers like urea and trisodium phosphate are often applied by shrimp farmers to improve primary productivity in ponds. Bacterial products with trade names like “Multi bacter,” “Enviro star” and “Super NB” have recently been used by shrimp farmers to decompose organic matter resulting from excessive feeding. Feed additives such as vitamin C, “Protec Plus,” and “Super Embak” are used for disease prevention.





