Seasonal growth, organ indices and food consumption of the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) in relation to food availability in Tokoro seabed, Okhotsk Sea, North Japan
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Abstract
The coastal waters off Tokoro, Okhotsk Sea have been characterized by a substantial decrease in primary production from spring to summer season which will have repercussions on the maintenance of the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) culture. This study examined the seasonal changes in scallop growth, condition and organ indices in relation to environmental conditions, and compared the sinking particulate organic carbon (POC) flux as an estimate of food availability to scallop food requirements. Monthly specimens were obtained in July 2005, and from May 2006 to December 2008 off Tokoro, Okhotsk Sea. Growth parameters derived from the modified von Bertalanffy growth function of 885 scallop individuals were the mean asymptotic shell height H∞=126.51 mm, Brody growth coefficient K=0.081 year−1, and t0=6.19 year. Condition (CI) and gonadosomatic indices (GSI) increased in April and May, decreased from June to September, but increased again from October until May. The adductor muscle index (AMI) increased from June to October, but declined from November until May when CI and GSI began to increase. Primary production (PP) and chlorophyll a biomass decreased from spring (25.75–29.74 µg C L−1 h−1 and 1.74–5.37 µg L−1) to autumn (0.90–10.83 µg C L−1 h−1 and 0.29–0.75 µg L−1) concurrent with decreasing CI and GSI, but no deleterious effect on AMI was evident during these periods. The sinking POC flux (25–68 mg C m−2 day−1) was low during summer when gonad activity was also low, but started to increase in autumn when gonad activity started to peak. Although a deficit in food availability (lower sinking POC fluxes than scallop food consumption) was observed during summer, the potential advection of organic matter from offshore to nearshore region may have provided additional source of food to bottom-cultured scallops, contributing in part to the increase in shell growth and somatic tissues.
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Condition indices Food consumption Growth Japanese scallops Sinking particulate organic carbon fluxSuggested Citation
Aya, F., & Kudo, I. (2022). Seasonal growth, organ indices and food consumption of the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) in relation to food availability in Tokoro seabed, Okhotsk Sea, North Japan. Plankton and Benthos Research , 17(2), 156-164. https://doi.org/10.3800/pbr.17.156
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1880-8247; 1882-627XCollections
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Aya, Frolan
; ; (Plankton Society of Japan, 2013)
In coastal ecosystems, variations in food quantity may have significant effects on the clearance and ingestion rates of suspension-feeding bivalves. In this study, clearance rates and ingestion efficiencies were determined for Japanese scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) juveniles (60.6±4.5 mm in shell height) under laboratory conditions. Scallops were kept individually in glass beakers at 15°C and fed with different cell numbers of Pavlova sp. (0.8 to 57.60×106 cells) to provide a wide range of food quantity as particulate organic carbon (POC). Clearance rates (CR) and ingestion efficiencies (IE) were estimated by monitoring POC concentration over a two-day period, and from 2 to 14 days of feeding, respectively. Both CR and IE were significantly influenced by POC concentration. CR ranged from 15.8 to 38.5 mL ind-1 h-1 (or 8.9 to 49.6 mg Ch-1 g dry weight-1) with maximum values at high POC concentrations. IE varied from 40 to 71% and differed significantly between the lowest (2,900 μg C L-1) and highest (8,000 μg C L-1) food rations. The feeding response of juvenile scallops to different POC concentrations was fitted to a power curve equation: \(\mathsf{IE}\,(\%)=0.9272 \times \mathsf{POC}^{0.5105}, r=0.98\). Extrapolated field-based estimates of IE ranged from 7.8 to 12.7% in response to seasonal changes in POC concentration (64.5 to 168.6 μg C L-1). It is concluded that particle filtration rates by juvenile scallops are related to food quantity, as suggested by both field and laboratory-derived feeding rates. -
Nitrogen stable isotopes reveal age-dependent dietary shift in the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis
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Ontogenetic niche shifts in diet are a consequence of changes in body size or resource partitioning between age classes. To better resolve the feeding patterns of the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis, we examined the relative importance of age and size in the diet of this species using stable isotope ratios of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) from 2006 to 2009. Contribution of food sources was quantified using an isotope mixing model by comparing the muscle tissue isotope ratios to those of suspended particulate organic matter (SPOM) and their zooplankton prey (e.g. micro- and meso-zooplankton). Unlike the δ13C values, which remained constant with age and size, muscle δ15N values were more positively correlated with age accounting for 69 % of variations than size with only 46 %. Increasing 15N values with age suggested that shifts in diet from SPOM to micro- and meso-zooplankton occurred during ontogeny in M. yessoensis. Results of the isotope mixing model indicated that SPOM contribution to scallop’s diet decreased from 68 to 8 % while those of zooplankton increased from 15 to 50 % with increasing age. This study concludes that age-related dietary shift explains the enrichment of 15N, as a result of predation on zooplankton by M. yessoensis. -
Effect of diet isotopic ratios on the \(\mathsf{\delta^{13}C}\) and \(\mathsf{\delta^{15}N}\) signatures of scallop-gut contents in a natural setting
Aya, Frolan; Kudo, Isao (The Plankton Society of Japan, 2023)
The relationship between diet isotopic signatures and the extent of the tissue-diet isotope fractionation factors have been shown previously in controlled feeding studies, but this relationship remains poorly resolved for marine invertebrates in a natural setting. Using isotope analysis of gut contents, this study investigated the variability in tissue-diet isotopic fractionation factors (Δδ13C and Δδ15N) between scallop tissues (i.e. muscle and digestive gland) and gut content in the Japanese scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) and assessed how the growth rate of juvenile scallops and gut content quality (as carbon to nitrogen (C/N) molar ratios) would affect the values of tissue-diet isotopic fractionation. Tissue-diet isotopic fractionation factors (Δδ13C and δ15N) varied according to tissue, which averaged 1.7‰ and −0.1‰ for N in muscle and digestive gland, and 3.4‰ and 1.2‰ for C in muscle and digestive gland, respectively. Muscle-gut δ15N isotopic factors negatively correlated with growth rate, suggesting that the juvenile δ15N signatures were strongly dependent on food quantity. The influence of diet quality on δ15N was also evident, where δ15N decreased as C/N molar ratios in gut contents increased. The wide difference in Δδ13C and δ15N from accepted standard values may be, in part, a consequence of using gut contents as a dietary proxy. Results of this study have implications for diet reconstruction studies of this scallop species reared under field conditions.
