Increasing milkfish (Chanos chanos) yields in brackishwater ponds through increased stocking rates and supplementary feeding
Abstract
Brackishwater milkfish culture in the Philippines is normally practiced at fish stocking rates of 2,000-3,000 ha-1 with fertilizers as the sole nutrient input. Supplementary feeding is not common. We stocked two 1-ha ponds with 6,000 fish and another two 1-ha ponds with 9,000 fish with an average weight of 2 g. The fish at each stocking rate were given diets with two different energy levels (2,950 and 3,265 kcal•kg-1) at 3% body weight, on the second and third month of culture. An average of 0.69 and 1.04 t were produced at 6,000 and 9,000 ha-1, respectively. Low temperature and dissolved oxygen levels appeared to limit the growth of milkfish masking the effect of dietary energy. The results suggest that supplementary feeding can have a marked effect on milkfish yield when stocking rates are 6,000 ha-1 or above.
Citation
Sumagaysay, N. S., Chiu-Chern, Y. N., Estilo, V. J., & Sastrillo, M. A. S. (1990). Increasing milkfish (Chanos chanos) yields in brackishwater ponds through increased stocking rates and supplementary feeding.Publisher
Asian Fisheries SocietySubject
Type
ArticleISSN
0116-6514Collections
- Journal Articles [1049]
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Article
Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme patterns during the development of milkfish, (Chanos chanos (Forskal))
-Kalikasan, The Philippine Journal of Biology , 1981 - University of the Philippines at Los BañosPolyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis was done to determine the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme patterns for fry (5-3 mg), fingerling (6-12 g), pond-size (150-250 g) and adult (6-9 kg) milkfish. The patterns were tissue specific; the different tissues examined, viz., eye, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle had different expressions of LDH isozymes. The resolved patterns appeared to be products of LDH gene loci A, B, and C. Subunits A and B were present in all tissues. A4 and B4 were predominant in skeletal and heart muscle, respectively; the two associated non-randomly in vivo and formed only the heteropolymers A3B and AB3. A liver band, L4, was most conspicuous in the fingerling, pond-size, and adult; it was assumed to be coded by locus C. A negatively charged band, X4, was detected in fully developed ovary and in fry homogenized as whole individuals, but it could not be resolved in tissues of fingerling. Six-mo old stunts and 3-mo old fingerlings had similar LDH patterns for all tissues examined. The patterns for 11-mo old stunts and fingerlings also were similar but the one for the eye of the former was the same pattern resolved for the eye of adults. There was no change in the LDH isozyme patterns of milk fish stunted for 6 mo under different salinity levels (0-5, 15-20, 32-35 ppt). -
Conference paper
Milkfish nutrition: a review
- In RD Fortes, LC Darvin & DL de Guzman (Eds.), Fish and crustacean feeds and nutrition : Proceedings of the seminar-workshop on fish and crustacean feeds and nutrition held on 25-26 February 1985 at UPV, Iloilo City, 1989 - Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and DevelopmentThis paper reviews recent work on milkfish nutrition. Substantial progress had been made towards understanding the digestive physiology of milkfish. Major enzaymes envolved in the digestions of carbohydrates, protein and lipids had been detected in the pyloric caece, intestines and pancreas of milkfish. The most active carbohydrates were involved in the hydrolysis of α - glocosidic bonds. Intestinal amylase activity consistently reached the peak at about noon when milkfish gut was full. This confirms that milkfish is s daytime feeder. No cellulase activity was detected in any region orf the digertive treat although the fish relies heavily algae and other plant source for food. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and general proteases were also detected in milkfish digestive tract. A powerful milkfish trypsin inhabitor was detected in the filementous algae, Chaetomorpha brachygona which is predominant species in lumot. Lipass in the pancreas and intestines had two pH optima, suggesting a physiologic versatility for lipid digestion in milkfish. There is a limit information on the nutrient requirement of milkfish. Most studies showed that milkfish fry has a dietary requirement of 40% protein, and 7-10 lipid. Studies on the protein-energy requirement of fingerlings suggested that 30-40% protein, 10% fat and 25% carbohydrates are required. Subsequent studies showed an optimum protein energy to total metabolizable energy ratio of 44.4%. Amino acid test diets for milkfish had been formulated to contain white fish meal, gelatin and approprate amino acid mix. -
Book
Health management of milkfish Chanos chanos
- 2015 - Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development CenterThis monograph provides updated information on diseases of marine and brackishwater cultured milkfish in the Philippines. The information presented here is largely based on the results of a three-year research project on milkfish at the University of the Philippines Visayas funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). The project involved surveillance and monitoring of hatchery, nursery and grow-out operations for occurrence of diseases as well as on disease diagnosis, prevention and control. Previously documented reports in the Philippines and in other documents, both published and unpublished, are also included in this monograph. The diseases are discussed on a culture phase basis, that is, disease problems encountered in hatchery-reared larvae and fry are listed first, followed by diseases observed in fingerlings and juveniles grown in nursery and grow-out culture areas, and adult stages maintained in broodstock facilities. Information regarding the causative agent, diagnostic procedures, and methods of prevention and control for each disease are provided, if available.
