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Distribution and symptoms of epiphyte infection in major carrageenophyte-producing farms

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Date
2008
Author
Vairappan, Charles S.
Chung, Chong Sim
Hurtado, A. Q.
Soya, Flower E.
Lhonneur, Genevieve Bleicher
Critchley, Alan
Page views
1,640
Subject
aquaculture ASFA
epiphytes ASFA
hosts ASFA
husbandry diseases ASFA
pits ASFA
seaweeds ASFA
sexual maturity ASFA
symptoms ASFA
Flavobacterium AGROVOC
Kappaphycus alvarezii AGROVOC
Vibrio AGROVOC
Indonesia AGROVOC
Malaysia AGROVOC
Philippines AGROVOC
Tanzania AGROVOC
Carrageenophytes
Secondary bacterial infection
Taxonomic term
Alteromonas GBIF
Neosiphonia GBIF
Neosiphonia apiculata GBIF
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Abstract
High density commercial farming of carrageenophyte Kappaphycus alvarezii is often plagued with “ice-ice” disease and epiphyte infection, which eventually leads to reduced production and in some cases collapse of crop. Epiphyte outbreak has been occurring regularly in major carrageenophyte farms in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia and Tanzania. Infected materials from these countries were studied to establish baseline information on the epiphyte’s identity, density, symptoms and secondary infection on the host seaweed. The causative organism was identified as Neosiphonia apiculata (Hollenberg) Masuda et Kogame, based on its morphological features. Epiphyte density on host seaweed materials decreased in the following order: the Philippines (88.5 epi cm-2), Tanzania (69.0 epi cm-2), Indonesia (56.5 epi cm-2) and Malaysia (42.0 epi cm-2). Initial symptoms were the presence of tiny black spots, indicating the embedded tetrasporeling in seaweed cortex layer. Vegetative form emerged after 2 weeks measuring less than 0.5 mm in length with a density of less than 25.0 epi cm-2. Upon maturation, infected seaweed takes on a “hairy” appearance with “goose-bumps” like cortical swellings. The epiphyte appears as a solitary plant with multiple secondary rhizoids or as multiple epiphytes appearing from a single cortical opening. At the end of infection, the epiphytes left dark pits on the cortical swelling, and the carrageenophytes are infected by opportunistic bacteria. Bacterial enumeration of healthy and infected seaweed materials showed an increase of more than 300% in total bacterial count on infected materials dominated by Alteromonas sp., Flavobacterium sp. and Vibrio sp.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2086
Suggested Citation
Vairappan, C. S., Chung, C. S., Hurtado, A. Q., Soya, F. E., Lhonneur, G. B., & Critchley, A. (2008). Distribution and symptoms of epiphyte infection in major carrageenophyte-producing farms. Journal of Applied Phycology, 20(5), 477-483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-007-9299-8 
DOI
10.1007/s10811-007-9299-8
Type
Article
ISSN
0921-8971; 1573-5176
Collections
  • Journal Articles [1155]


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