Bacterial diseases of tilapia, their zoonotic potential and risk of antimicrobial resistance
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2023-03-05Author
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Taxonomic term
Oreochromis niloticus 
Edwardsiella ictaluri
Edwardsiella tarda
Aeromonas schubertii
Lactococcus garvieae
Aerococcus viridans
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium marinum
Chlamydia
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus iniae
Aeromonas
Vibrio vulnificus
Francisella orientalis
Edwardsiella anguillarum
Nocardia
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Edwardsiella ictaluri
Edwardsiella tarda
Aeromonas schubertii
Lactococcus garvieae
Aerococcus viridans
Pseudomonas
Mycobacterium marinum
Chlamydia
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus iniae
Aeromonas
Vibrio vulnificus
Francisella orientalis
Edwardsiella anguillarum
Nocardia
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
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Abstract
Tilapia culture is an important source of income and nutrition to many rural families. Since 2000, the production of tilapia increased and reached domestic and global markets. Major farmed species is Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in earthen ponds and cage cultures. Intensification contributed to global tilapia disease outbreaks, with bacterial infections causing mortalities and morbidities, threatening sustainable production. At tilapia farms, high nutrient concentrations, water temperature and fish densities enhance bacterial growth including virulent bacterial clones and potential zoonotic bacteria. Global warming favours this. This review respectively provides a comprehensive overview of the most common and emerging bacterial pathogens, diseases, clinical presentations and diagnostics of tilapia, including bacteria and diseases with zoonotic potential. First, common bacterial disease outbreaks, including streptococcosis, motile Aeromonas septicaemia, francisellosis, columnaris disease and vibriosis are described. Then, information on emerging bacterial infections of concern for tilapia, like edwardsiellosis through Edwardsiella ictaluri and E. tarda, as well as Aeromonas schubertii is provided. Reports of infectious bacterial tilapia disease outbreaks from other bacteria, including Lactococcus garvieae, Aerococcus viridans, Pseudomonas spp., Mycobacterium marinum and Chlamydia spp., and others are reviewed. Furthermore, bacteria with zoonotic potential, like Streptococcus agalactiae ST283, S. iniae, Aeromonas sp., E. tarda, Vibrio vulnificus pathovar (pv) piscis and M. marinum are included in the review, to provide the most current overview of the disease risks affecting production and post-harvest stages. Additionally, the status and risks of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from tilapia and other cultured fish through imprudent use of antibiotics, and its future at a global level are provided.
Keywords
AMR bacterial disease diagnosis tilapia zoonosisSuggested Citation
Haenen, O., Thanh Dong, H., Hoai, T. D., Crumlish, M., Karunasagar, I., Barkham, T., Chen, S., Zadoks, R., Kiermeier, A., Wang, B., Garrido Gamarro, E., Takeuchi, M., Amal, M. N. A., Fouz, B., Pakingking, R. V., Jr., Zeng, W., & Bondad-Reantaso, M. (2023). Bacterial diseases of tilapia, their zoonotic potential and risk of antimicrobial resistance. Reviews in Aquaculture , 15(Suppl. 1), 154-185. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12743
Type
ArticleISSN
1753-5123; 1753-5131Collections
- Journal Articles [1266]
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
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Status of aquatic animal health in Indonesia
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2021-12)Fish disease is one of the main obstacles in the success of aquaculture production because of the loss caused by it. The outbreak of diseases has resulted to a substantial economic loss which was reported to have reached almost USD 400 million. To minimize the impact of losses caused by fish diseases, the Indonesian government through the Directorate General of Aquaculture, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries has a fish disease monitoring and surveillance program. The program aims to monitor the occurrence of fish diseases in Indonesia, especially in the fish and shrimp farming centers and to educate on how to control them. In 2018, the monitoring and surveillance program have 34 provinces with 100 districts/cities location targets targeting fish and shrimp diseases. Based on the results of the monitoring and surveillance activities in 2018, the fish and shrimp are affected by the following diseases: White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Infectious Hypodermal and Haemotopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV), Iridovirus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Edwardsiella ictaluri and Ichthyophthiriasis. The program to control fish diseases in order to minimize the losses has also been carried out by the government including trainings on the application of biosecurity, the use of vaccines, probiotics, immunostimulants and herbal medicines.
