Genetic research at the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center/Aquaculture Department
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2001Author
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Abstract
Southeast Asia is endowed with a variety of species that can be cultured as food fish. Since 1973, the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center/Aquaculture Department (SEAFDEC/AQD) has devoted research efforts to establish broodstock for the tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), milkfish (Chanos chanos), and other economically important fish and crustaceans in the region. The objective is to ensure the availability and reliability of seed supply for fish culture.
SEAFDEC’s pioneering effort on genetics was a collaborative study with the University of the Philippines Marine Science Institute on the genetic variation of milkfish populations in the Philippines. Towards the end of the 1980s, genetic activities, co-funded by the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada in collaboration with Dalhousie University of Canada, were focused on tilapia.
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Basiao, Z. U. (2001). Genetics research at the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center/Aquaculture Department. In M. V. Gupta & B. O. Acosta (Eds.), Fish Genetics Research in Member Countries and Institutions of the International Network on Genetics in Aquaculture: Proceedings of the Fifth Steering Committee Meeting of Inga held on 3-5 March 1999, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (pp. 141–144). ICLARM - The World Fish Center.
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Conference paperISBN
9832346053Series
ICLARM Conf. Proc. 64Collections
- Conference Proceedings [300]
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Meristic variations in milkfish Chanos chanos from Philippine waters
(Springer Verlag, 1988)Variations in meristic characters occur within and between samples of milkfish Chanos chanos (Forsskal) collected on June 1977 from five localities in Philippine waters. The unbranched anal and ventral fin rays are the most plastic, and vertebral number is the most stable of nine meristic characters examined. The number of ventral fin rays is the only meristic feature which differed consistently enough to suggest distinct population groups: South China Sea, comprising samples from Ilocos and Panay Island; Pacific Ocean from Bicol; and Celebes Sea, from Zamboanga and Davao. A discriminant analysis which incorporated generalized distance (Mahanalobis D2) and percent overlap of a reduced set of characters indicated several morphometric subgroups of milkfish in Philippine waters, although geographic subgroups were not clearly demonstrated. -
Genetic assessment of philippine milkfish (Chanos chanos) stocks based on novel microsatellites for markeraided broodstock management
Romana-Eguia, Maria Rowena R.
; ; ; ; ; (Elsevier, 2017)
Reports on genetic diversity within/among milkfish populations using DNA markers are sparse. Earlier work dealt with evolutionary relationships among wild populations to define management units in the Indo-Pacific region where milkfish naturally abound. However, application of milkfish genetic markers in broodstock development and management remains to be investigated. Here, nine novel microsatellites developed by NGS were utilized to (a) describe the genetic structure of Philippine wild and hatchery-bred milkfish; (b) monitor the impact of domestication selection and inbreeding; and (c) formulate marker-aided broodstock management methods, a prerequisite to genetic improvement. Milkfish samples from three wild populations: Claveria (CLA), Currimao (CUR), Camiguin (CAM); eleven local hatchery stocks: SEAFDEC Integrated Hatchery (SIH), SEAFDEC Big Hatchery-Igang batches 1 and 2 (SBH-I1 and SBH-I2), SEAFDEC Big Hatchery-Dumangas (SBH-D), Hautea Hatchery (HH), Sual Pangasinan Hatchery (SPH), BFAR Dagupan Hatchery (BDH), BFAR Bohol Hatchery (BoH), BFAR Palawan Hatchery (PAL), Zambales Hatchery-P0 (ZH-P0), Zambales Hatchery-F1 (ZH-F1); and a hatchery stock from West Java in Indonesia (WJH), were examined. An Indonesian stock was included since in the Philippines, Indonesian milkfish fingerlings are imported and farmed for having purportedly better production traits. Genetic diversity indices such as expected heterozygosity (He) and allele frequency (A) ranged from 0.655 to 0.697 and 9.2 to 11.1, respectively. AMOVA showed significant but low genetic differentiation among the milkfish populations (FST = 0.013; P=0.000,) since much of the variation is attributed to intrapopulation differences (98.6%). The oldest hatchery stock SIH (30-35 years) had relatively moderate genetic variability (He = 0.66, A = 10.6), which is lower than that of 5-year old SBH-I1 (He= 0.687, A= 11.5) considering that both stocks originally came from the same source in the wild. A reduction in genetic diversity was seen when a local hatchery stock (ZH-P0;He = 0.66 and A= 10.8) was monitored after one generation (ZH-F1; He = 0.65, A=9.3). Finally, the Indonesian stock WJH had genetic variability levels (He= 0.66; A= 10.5) comparable with local stocks. Results of genetic analyses are herein discussed in the context of promoting effective milkfish broodstock management practices for the production of good quality seed stock. -
Genetic diversity and stock delineation of Philippine populations of the orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2017)The orange mud crab, Scylla olivacea, is regarded as an important fishery resource due to high demand and high market value. However, mud crab populations are threatened by over exploitation and habitat degradation, and would benefit from resource management interventions. The study examined patterns of genetic diversity and connectivity of orange mud crab populations across the Philippines, with the aim of identifying putative management units. A total of 387 Scylla olivacea were collected from ten localities across the Philippine archipelago. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial control region (mtDNA-CR) DNA sequences revealed cryptic diversity among Scylla olivacea specimens with four mitochondrial lineages recovered. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that Philippine populations do not constitute a single genetic stock (0ST=0.00262; P=0.00015). Thirteen microsatellite loci were also utilized as additional markers to infer population structure and estimate genetic variation. Overall, S. olivacea populations exhibit high haplotype diversity (mean h=0.9803) and nucleotide diversity (mean ~p3.46%), which may be indicative of a large, stable population within Philippine archipelagic waters. This study provides information on genetic diversity and population structure of S. olivacea, which will be useful towards developing management and conservation strategies for sustainable development of natural S. olivacea populations in the Philippines.
