Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.

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  The influence of temperature and salinity on oxygen consumption of Penaeus monodon postlarvae 

  Licop, SM. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1985)

  The effect of salinity and temperature on oxygen consumption at different developmental ages of Penaeus monodon postlarvae (P5 to P60) was studied. The design was a 2 × 5 factorial, using two levels of temperature (15 and 30°C) and 4 levels of salinity (10, 15, 20 and 30 ppt). One-day old postlarvae (P1) were acclimated to various salinities prior to the start of the experiments. Oxygen consumption was determined after three hours using a YSI dissolved oxygen meter vis-a-vis Winkler titration method. Respiratory activity as affected by temperature and salinity varies, dependent on the postlarval stage tested. Statistical analyses showed that temperature did not significantly influence oxygen uptake at early stages (P5-P8) until P25-P28. Its effect started to become apparent when the postlarvae were P35-P38 and was most pronounced at P49-P52. general, the postlarvae consumed more oxygen at higher temperature and the variation in the oxygen consumption of the postlarvae under the two temperatures become less obvious as the postlarvae were older. Salinity seemed to affect the oxygen consumption of the young postlarvae, P5-P8 and P25-P28, more than temperature. Differences in rate of oxygen consumption at various salinities were greater in younger postlarvae (P5-P38) than in older postlarvae (P42_P60). The relationship between rate of oxygen consumption and body weight is nearly linear in the various salinity-temperature treatments. In all cases, the regression was significant at 1% level. P. monodon postlarvae behaved as respiratory con-formers in all the salinities tested at ambient temperatures. The least oxygen consumption rate was noted at salinities of 20 and 30 ppt at low temperature (15°C) and 20 ppt at high temperature (30°C). The importance of these findings is discussed and related to improvement of postlarvae transport methodology.
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  Effect of nitrite, ammonia, and temperature on P. monodon larvae 

  Catedral, Francis Fred; Gerochi, Dante D.; Quibuyen, Anacleto T.; Casalmir, Candelaria M. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1977)

  P. monodon larvae were studied for the effects of temperature, ammonia, and nitrite on survival. Toxicity levels of nitrite were found to vary with larval stage. Larvae could tolerate ammonia up to about 10 ppm, with the effect more clearly shown by the zoea stage. Survival and growth were not significantly affected by temperature, although moulting was enhanced at temperatures higher than 29°C. Larvae of P. monodon have lower tolerance toward nitrite and ammonia compared to postlarvae. Although high survival was obtained at low levels of nitrite and ammonia, it is still necessary to know their effects on metabolism, in order to examine possible biochemical parameters for diagnosing sublethal toxicity or stress.
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  Effect of temperature and salinity on the hatching of eggs and larval development of sugpo, Penaeus monodon 

  Reyes, E.P. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1985)

  Incubation of Penaeus monodon eggs and rearing of different larval stages were undertaken at nine temperature-salinity combinations. The eggs, nauplii, zoea and mysis from one spawner kept as stock culture at ambient temperatures of 26-30°C and salinity of 32-33 ppt were exposed to temperature levels of 23, 28 and 33°C and salinity levels of 23, 28 and 33 ppt. Eggs and nauplii survived the sudden change of temperature and salinity (from ambient to experimental) but the zoea and mysis did not. However, salinities of 23 and 28 ppt in combination with any of the temperature levels produced weak larvae. Highest mean hatching rate was obtained at the temperature-salinity combination of 23°C-33 ppt, followed by 28°C-33 ppt and 33°C-33 ppt. Incubation periods for these treatments were 22, 16 and 14 hr, respectively. Survival rate of nauplius (taken from stock cultures) to first zoeal stage was highest at 28°C-33 ppt, followed by 33°C-33 ppt and 23°C-33 ppt with molting time of 50, 45 and 75 hr, respectively. The nauplii exposed to 33°C-33 ppt molted to zoea stage within 38 to 40 hr but later died. Those exposed to 23°C-33 ppt and 28°C-33 ppt reached zoea stage within 57 to 60 hr and 48 to 50 hr, respectively. Similarly, the nauplii taken from the stock cultures and reared until postlarval stage (P1) under experimental conditions completed the zoea and mysis stages in 9 to 11 days at 28°C C-33 ppt, 7 to 9 days at 33°C-33 ppt, and 13 to 15 days at 23°C-33 ppt. Statistical analysis showed that salinity had highly significant effect on rates of hatching of eggs and survival from nauplius to first zoeal stage but not temperature although the latter had an apparent effect. However, both factors affected time of hatching of eggs and time of molting from nauplius to zoea. Interaction effect was significant only on rate and time of hatching. Different sources (spawners) of eggs and nauplii did not have significant effect on time of hatching and molting from nauplius to zoea, but significantly affected the hatching rate of eggs and survival rate of nauplii to zoea stage.