Density dependent growth of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina in cage culture
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Abstract
The effects of different stocking densities on the growth, feed conversion ratio and survival of two size groups of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina were determined. Three culture trials were conducted in net cages installed in a sheltered cove, Guimaras Province, Philippines. Trials 1 and 2 were conducted using 15–20 mm abalone juveniles for 150 days, while trial 3 was conducted using 35–40 mm abalone for 180 days. The animals were fed sufficient amounts of the red alga, Gracilariopsis bailinae (=G. heteroclada), throughout the experiment. There was an inverse relationship between growth (length and weight) and stocking density. Feed conversion ratio was not influenced by density, but was observed to be higher for larger animals. Survival was not significantly affected by density. Net cages are appropriate for culture of H. asinina. This study showed that H. asinina can reach commercial size of about 60 mm in one year. It also showed that growth of H. asinina can be sustained on a single-species diet. An economic analysis will be important in choosing the best stocking density for commercial production.
Suggested Citation
Capinpin, E. C., Jr., Toledo, J. D., Encena II, V. C., & Doi, M. (1999). Density dependent growth of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina in cage culture. Aquaculture , 171(3-4), 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(98)00490-6
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Postlarvae density and photoperiod effects on the settlement and metamorphosis of the donkey's ear abalone, Haliotis asinina Linne, 1758
(Phuket Marine Biological Center, 2000)The effects of photoperiod and density of postlarvae on settlement and metamorphosis of the native abalone, Haliotis asinina were determined in two separate experiments. Abalone larvae were hatched from spontaneously spawned eggs of tank-held broodstock. Experiments were conducted in static water conditions within a 10 day-period. Post-larvae held under at 24 h light regime showed higher settlement rates (mean: 12 %) than did larvae held at different light-and-dark periods (range: 3-9 %). Larvae kept in the dark had the lowest survival (3 %). Postlarvae stocked at lower stocking densities of 100 and 150 l -1 had higher settlement rates (12-12.5 %) than postlarvae stocked between 200 and 600 postlarvae l -1 (1-5 %). -
Grow-out culture of tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus) in suspended mesh cages with different shelter surface areas
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001)This study investigated the effects of shelter surface area (SSA) on the feeding, growth and survival of the donkey-ear abalone, Haliotis asinina reared in mesh cages (0.38×0.38×0.28m) suspended in flow-through tanks (water volume = 6 m3). Cages had sections of polyvinylchloride (PVC) that provided shelters with surface area of 0.22 m2, 0.44 m2 and 0.66 m2. Hatchery-produced abalone with initial shell length of 32 ± 1 mm and wet weight of 7.5 g were stocked at 50 individuals cage−1 that corresponded to stocking densities of ca. 227, 113 and 75 abalone m−2 of SSA. The ratios of shelter surface area to cage volume (SSA:CV) were 5.5, 11 and 16.5. Abalones were provided an excess red seaweed Gracilariopsis bailinae (= Gracilaria heteroclada) at weekly intervals over a 270-day culture period. Feeding rates (18–20% of wet weight), food conversion ratio (26–27) and percent survival (88–92%) did not differ significantly among treatments (p > 0.05). Body size at harvest ranged from 56 to 59 mm SL and 52 to 57 g wet body weight with significant differences between abalone reared at SSA 0.22 m2 and 0.66 m2 (p < 0.05). Abalone reared in cages with 0.66 m2 SSA grew significantly faster at average daily growth rates of 132 μm and 188 mg day−1. Stocking densities of 75–113m−2 SSA in mesh cages suspended in flow-through tanks resulted in better growth of abalone fed red seaweed. -
Evaluation of density and cage design for the nursery and grow-out of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina Linne 1758
(National Shellfisheries Association, 2013)The effect of stocking density and cage design on the growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio was evaluated for the nursery (11–15 mm in shell length) and juvenile grow-out (26–30 mm in shell length) of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina. Abalone were fed Gracilaria sp. within a randomized 2 × 3 factorial experiment using 2 stocking densities (Tl (500 pieces/m2) and T2 (1,000 pieces/m2)) and 3 cages (D1, box; D2, mesh cage; D3, prefabricated multitier trays). In addition, 3 stocking densities (T1, 50 pieces/m ; T2, 100 pieces/m; T3, 200 pieces/m) were evaluated in the prefabricated multitier trays. We found that, in the nursery experiment, 4-mo-old tropical abalone juveniles reared for 90 d showed no significant differences in growth (shell length and body weight) and survival rates among the 3 nursery cages used (Tukey's post hoc test, P > 0.05). Feed conversion ratio, however, was lowest for the high-density treatment T1D3 (7.8 ± 0.76) and was significantly different from the low density treatment T1D1 (11.32 ± 1.2) and intermediate density treatment T1D2 (12.39 ± 1.12; t-test, P > 0.05). Conversely, at higher densities (T2), the same trend applied with abalone reared in multitier basket systems (T2D3), having the highest growth rates and survival rates (29.3 ± 0.07 mm average shell length (ASL) and 5.16 ± 0.52 g average body weight (ABW)), followed closely by those reared in mesh cages (T2D2) and boxes (T2D1). Feed conversion ratio was also lowest for T2D3 (7.56 ± 0.79) and was significantly lower than T2D1 and T2D2. Between treatments, however, abalone reared at lower densities (T1) had significantly higher growth and survival than those reared at higher densities (T2), regardless of the nursery cage used, indicating an inverse relationship between stocking density, growth, and survival. For the grow-out study, tropical abalone reared in multitier trays at low densities (T1) attained the highest growth in shell length and body weight (49.7 ± 0.11 mm ASL and 29.8 ± 2.6 g ABW, respectively) at 180 d of culture, which was significantly greater than those reared in the high-density treatment (T3) with significantly smaller shell length and body weight (43.8 ± 0.18 mm ASL and 21.2 ± 2.0 g ABW), but not significantly different than the intermediate density treatment. This trend started from day 60 of culture onward when analyzed using Duncan's multiple range test (P > 0.05). Survival rates were not significantly different among stocking density treatments, nor were feed conversion ratios. We recommend, for nursery rearing of abalone juveniles, using multitier trays (D3) or boxes (D1) at 500 pieces/m2 stocking density to attain a grow-out size of 26–30 mm in shell length in 90 days. A stocking density of 100 pieces/m2 is recommended to grow abalone in multitier trays to attain a cocktail size of 50 mm ASL and 30 g ABW in 180 d with survival rates between 85.6% and 83.1%.
