Fatty acid composition of five candidate aquaculture species in Central Philippines
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Abstract
Fatty acid composition was determined in five candidate aquaculture species, mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus), two rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus and S. canaliculatus), coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) and striped jack (Caranx fulvoguttatus) sampled in the Central Philippines. Special attention was paid to arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Total lipids of hatchery-produced eggs and newly hatched larvae of mangrove red snapper unexpectedly had equal levels of ARA and EPA. Ovarian polar lipids were subsequently found to have intermediate or high ARA (5.5–10.7%) and DHA (14.4–20.4%) levels but relatively low EPA levels (1.5–1.9%), consequently showing high ARA/EPA (4.4–6.0) and DHA/EPA (7.4–14.9) ratios in wild mangrove red snapper and rabbitfish (S. guttatus and S. canaliculatus). Similar trends were observed even in hatchery-reared mangrove red snapper, rabbitfish (S. guttatus) and coral trout. Not only ovary but also liver and muscle contained relatively higher ARA compared with EPA in mangrove red snapper, regardless of the sample source. ARA, EPA and DHA levels in the polar lipids of wild fry (whole body) ranged respectively from 3.2% to 4.0%, from 2.7% to 4.7% and from 23.5% to 27.6% with intermediate or high ARA/EPA (0.8–1.5) and DHA/EPA (5.9–8.8) ratios in mangrove red snapper, rabbitfish (S. canaliculatus) and striped jack. As overall traits, the five species in the Central Philippines appear to have intermediate or high ARA and DHA levels with low EPA level, consequently having high ARA/EPA and DHA/EPA ratios compared to species in high and temperate northern hemisphere. Thus, the present results indicate that ARA is not a minor component in the tropical species, suggesting that ARA may be nutritionally much more important for egg development and larvae growth in the tropical species than in cold water species. The information of the present study can be used as a guideline for development of appropriate broodstock and/or larval diets in the Philippines.
Suggested Citation
Ogata, H. Y., Emata, A. C., Garibay, E. S., & Furuita, H. (2004). Fatty acid composition of five candidate aquaculture species in Central Philippines. Aquaculture , 236(1-4), 361-375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.10.015
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(Springer Verlag, 2003)Mangrove red snapper fed advanced broodstock diets containing squid meal and squid oil exhibited higher hatching rates, cumulative survival and survival activity index than those fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with mixture of antioxidants. On the other hand, fatty acid analyses of ovaries and fry of wild fish and eggs and larvae of broodstock fed raw fish revealed high arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels and relatively lower eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels consequently showing high ARA/EPA and DHA/EPA ratios compared to cold water species. This suggests that ARA may be nutritionally more important for egg and larval development and survival in tropical marine fish and its supplementation in broodstock diets may enhance reproductive performance of mangrove red snapper. -
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Incorporation of fatty acids from dietary neutral lipid in eye, brain and muscle of postlarval turbot fed diets with different types of phosphatidylcholine
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; ; ; ; (Springer, 1998)
Previous results demonstrated the stimulating effect of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) on the utilization of dietary neutral lipid in larval and postlarval fish. The present study further investigated the effect of the degree of saturation of dietary PC on the enhancement of dietary fatty acid incorporation in lipids of turbot. Newly-weaned turbot were fed for 20 days on four isolipidic diets containing the same amount of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), presented either as neutral lipid, i.e. fish oil ethyl esters, or as polar lipid. Diet FO was a phospholipid-free control diet. Diets HPC, SPC and FPC were supplemented with 3% hydrogenated soybean PC, 3% native soybean PC and 3% marine fish roe PC, respectively. The three PC-supplemented diets resulted in better growth and higher muscle triacylglycerol levels than the PC-free diet FO. The fish fatty acids were determined in 3 lipid classes (neutral lipid, PC, phosphatidylethanolamine) of 3 organs or tissues (eye, brain and muscle). Despite the identical amounts of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids provided by the soybean oil and by the HUFA ethyl esters, the substitution of 3% hydrogenated coconut oil in diet FO by 3% hydrogenated PC in diet HPC caused, averaged over the various tissues and lipid classes, a 7 to 12% higher incorporation of 18:2n-6, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and a 32% higher 22:6n-3 level in turbot lipid. Diet HPC appeared as efficient as diet SPC for enhancing the incorporation of the n-3 HUFA from the ethyl esters. Feeding diet FPC, in which the n-3 HUFA were provided through the marine PC source, resulted in slightly higher levels of these fatty acids in the fish than feeding the ethyl ester HUFA diets, even if supplemented with PC. Present results confirm the positive effect of PC, either hydrogenated or native, on the utilization of fatty acids provided in the diet as neutral lipid. The slightly higher incorporation of HUFA, when esterified on dietary PC instead of neutral lipid, raises the question regarding the form of intestinal absorption of PL in fish.
