Apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients from shrimp, mussel, diatom and seaweed by juvenile Holothuria scabra Jaeger
Abstract
The ability of Holothuria scabra to digest nutrients, such as organic matter (OM), protein and carbohydrate from animal and plant feed ingredients was investigated. Four test feeds prepared by mixing sand with single ingredients from animal sources (shrimp and mussel) and plant sources (diatom and seaweed) were fed to H. scabra to estimate apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). The total assimilated nutrient (TAN) increased with ADC, whereas ingestion rate (IR) varied slightly among the feeds suggesting that ADC might be a good indicator of nutrient availability to H. scabra. The ADCOM of shrimp and mussel was significantly higher than that diatom and seaweed: 86.2%, 77.1%, 55.1% and 32.3% respectively. ADCprotein was similar for shrimp (88.7%), mussel (84.8%) and diatom (75.2%), but significantly lower in seaweed (34.4%). ADCcarbohydrate was similar in mussel (58.5%) and diatom (58.3%) as well as in seaweed (31.6) and shrimp (28.0%). ADCprotein was relatively higher than ADCcarbohydrate suggesting that H. scabra generally digests more protein than carbohydrate. Furthermore, results indicated that nutrients from animal-based feeds are more efficiently digested by H. scabra; thus, animal ingredients rich in easily digestible protein could potentially provide an efficiently balanced diet for H. scabra fed with diatom containing high easily digestible carbohydrate.
Citation
Orozco, Z. G. A., Sumbing, J. G., Lebata-Ramos, M. J. H., & Watanabe, S. (2014). Apparent digestibility coefficient of nutrients from shrimp, mussel, diatom and seaweed by juvenile Holothuria scabra Jaeger.Publisher
WileySubject
Digestion; Plant physiology; Digestibility; Feeding experiments; Marine molluscs; Phytoplankton; Carbohydrates; Seaweeds; Feed composition; High protein diet; Sand; Organic matter; Nutrient availability; Diatoms; High carbohydrate diet; Nutrients; Scab; Acids; Bacillariophyceae; Holothuria scabra; Decapoda
Acknowledgment/Sponsorship
This study was funded by the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS).
Collections
- Journal Articles [1049]
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Article
Hydrolyzed tuna meat by-product supplement for juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major, and its effect on growth, enzyme activity, plasma parameters, and apparent nutrient digestibility
-The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh , 2014 - Society of Israeli Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology (SIAMB)A growth experiment was conducted on juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major to investigate the effect of the inclusion in fish diets, of tuna meat by-product hydrolysate which was processed through enzymatic hydrolysis using a commercially available enzyme, derived from Bacillus subtilis. Six experimental diets were formulated in the experiment. Three diets contained 50, 150 and 250 g/kg of TPM-H (tuna meat by-product hydrolysate), and two diets with the unprocessed TPM (tuna meat by-product) at an inclusion level of 50 and 250 g/kg. A control diet was formulated without any addition of the test ingredients. Treatment diets were fed ad libitum to juvenile fish with an initial average body weight of 0.81 ±0.13 g for 56 days. Results of the feeding trial suggest that the inclusion of TPM-H at 250 g/kg in fish diets improved body weight gain rate (3271.58%), feed intake (24.55 g/fish/56 days) and feed conversion efficiency (1.12) of the fish. Apparent nutrient digestibility of hydrolyzed tuna meat by-product improved compared to the unhydrolyzed ingredient. These results suggest that TPM processed as hydrolysates can be efficiently utilized by fish. -
Meeting report
Nutrient cycles: Nutrient dynamics in culture ponds.
- 2004 - Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development CenterThe general over-development of aquaculture had profound disturbance on the surrounding ecosystem, affecting, not only fisheries, but aquaculture itself through release of effluent loaded with nutrients into open waters leading to eutrophication and deterioration of water quality. Shrimp aquaculture is one of the fastest growing economic activities in the Asia-Pacific region, where almost 80% of the world production of farmed shrimp occurs, but has slowed down recently for a number of reasons. These include eutrophication of coastal waters, mangrove destruction, stock losses due to disease outbreaks, primarily as a result of unrestricted expansion and environmental problems from mismanagement and over intensification (Phillips et al., 1993). Estimates of N and P quantities (95% of the N and 71% of P) entering waterways from shrimp pond indicate most of the materials originate from the added feeds and fertilizer, hence, water and soil quality in pond become a balance between metabolites pond inputs, shrimp wastes and on water exchange (Briggs & Smith, 1994 (Macintosh & Phillips, 1992; Briggs & Funge-Smith, 1994). Feed input is the major factor that causes deterioration of pond bottom and water quality (Boyd, 1992). Several processes may limit eutrophication by improving shrimp feed stability through extrusion, adoption of biofilters and bioaugmentation with the use of commercially available “waste digester” and “probiotics” through bacteria mineralization. -
Book chapter
Feeding habits and digestive physiology of fishes
- In OM Millamena, RM Coloso & FP Pascual (Eds.), Nutrition in Tropical Aquaculture: Essentials of fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding of tropical aquatic species, 2002 - Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development CenterThis chapter provides basic information on the feeding habits and behavior, and physiology of fishes and crustaceans. The mechanisms that control the movement and digestion of food, methods of assessing digestibility of feed, factors affecting digestion and absorption of food nutrients, and feeding processes in fish are discussed. An understanding of the feeding habits, feeding mechanisms, and the digestion and absorption processes can help fish farmers and nutritionists maximize the use of feed. The rate at which fish digest their food is of primary importance in determining feeding rates, frequency, and ration size. Knowledge of the digestive physiology of fish is also necessary for an effective feed formulation and in choosing a proper feeding regime. This chapter aims to teach the reader: the feeding habits and behavior of fishes and crustaceans; the structural adaptation in the anatomy of the digestive tract; the various organs of the digestive systems of fishes and crustaceans and their functions; nutrient digestion and absorption by fishes and the fate of digested and undigested food; the factors that affect the rate of digestion and absorption; and the feeding process in fish.
