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Acute lethal toxicity of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) juveniles under static exposure
(European Association of Fish Pathologists, 2022-10-05)
The present study was carried out to assess the toxic effect and determine the lethal concentration of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) juveniles. Laboratory static bioassays were conducted to determine the 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> of different concentrations of garlic (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) on grouper juveniles (mean weight, 35.4±6.18 g and mean length, 13.2±0.51 cm). The 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> was 74.78 mg L<sup>-1</sup> with lower and upper confidence limits of 62.8 and 89.06 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. All fish exposed to 30 to 180 mg L<sup>-1</sup> exhibited rapid movement, faster opercular activity and erratic swimming whereas at higher concentrations (90 mg L<sup>-1</sup> to 180 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) fish showed additional behavioral changes such as loss of balance, lethargy, gulping for air and respiratory distress. Water quality parameters were within the recommended acceptable limits. This LC<sub>50</sub> value can be used as a baseline reference to generate an effective concentration of garlic for future prophylaxis and treatment for parasitic, viral and bacterial infection in grouper....
Susceptibility of different weight ranges of Epinephelus coioides to piscine nodavirus
(European Association of Fish Pathologists, 2017)
The susceptibility of different weight ranges of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) to piscine nodavirus was studied by experimental infection. Size ranges of 1-2 g, 6-8 g, 10-13 g, 30-60 g, and 90-120 g were ...