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Intracellular production of recombinant GnRH1 in yeast, Pichia pastoris, and its potential as oral treatment to advance gonadal development in juvenile orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides
(Elsevier, 2022-05)
Late maturation and large size at maturity are significant challenges when administering hormonal treatments in captive broodstock. Here, we report the potential of yeast, Pichia pastoris, as a vehicle to orally deliver a ...
Acute lethal toxicity of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) juveniles under static exposure
(European Association of Fish Pathologists, 2022-10-05)
The present study was carried out to assess the toxic effect and determine the lethal concentration of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) juveniles. Laboratory static bioassays were conducted to determine the 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> of different concentrations of garlic (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) on grouper juveniles (mean weight, 35.4±6.18 g and mean length, 13.2±0.51 cm). The 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> was 74.78 mg L<sup>-1</sup> with lower and upper confidence limits of 62.8 and 89.06 mg L<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. All fish exposed to 30 to 180 mg L<sup>-1</sup> exhibited rapid movement, faster opercular activity and erratic swimming whereas at higher concentrations (90 mg L<sup>-1</sup> to 180 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) fish showed additional behavioral changes such as loss of balance, lethargy, gulping for air and respiratory distress. Water quality parameters were within the recommended acceptable limits. This LC<sub>50</sub> value can be used as a baseline reference to generate an effective concentration of garlic for future prophylaxis and treatment for parasitic, viral and bacterial infection in grouper....