Status of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and other emerging diseases of penaeid shrimps in Viet Nam
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Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), formerly called early mortality syndrome (EMS), was first reported in 2010 among penaeid shrimps cultivated in the Mekong Delta Region of Viet Nam albeit without any laboratory confirmation. The disease subsequently spread to a wide range of shrimp production areas in the same region (Soc Trang: 1,719 ha; Bac Lieu: 346 ha; and Ca Mau: 3,493 ha), so that the Government of Viet Nam requested for technical assistance from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 2011. In 2012, FAO supported Viet Nam through the project TCP/VIE/3304 Emergency assistance to control the spread of an unknown disease affecting shrimps in Viet Nam, under which the Department of Animal Health of Viet Nam (DAH) collaborated with the University of Arizona and FAO experts to carry out indepth studies to identify the etiologic agent of the disease. As a result, unique isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was identified as the causative agent of AHPND in 2013. Viet Nam has been vigilant and transparent with regard to aquatic animal diseases through official notifications to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) and the Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA). AHPND outbreaks have no clear temporal pattern with black tiger (Penaeus monodon) and whiteleg (P. vannamei) shrimps showing similar incidence risk. The disease occurs at any stage of shrimp cultivation, i.e. on average about 35 days after stocking. To date, unwarranted outbreaks of AHPND in major shrimp-producing provinces in Viet Nam have been apparently regulated. Aside from AHPND, white spot disease (WSD) has also been a persistent problem responsible for serious economic losses in many shrimp-producing areas in Viet Nam. To prevent and control the further spread of infectious diseases of shrimps including AHPND and WSD, multiple control measures have been implemented including guidance of farmers to improve production conditions, facilities and biosecurity application, active surveillance of shrimp production areas for early warning, screening of broodstock and postlarvae for any OIE listed diseases, regulation on movement of stocks, and collaboration with regional and international organizations in carrying out in-depth epidemiological studies that will be needed in the formulation of pragmatic and holistic disease interventions.
Suggested Citation
Hien, N. T., Huong, N. T. L., Chuong, V. D., Nga, N. T. V., Quang, P. H., Hang, B. T. V., & Long, N. V. (2016). Status of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) and other emerging diseases of penaeid shrimps in Viet Nam. In R. V. Pakingking Jr., E. G. T. de Jesus-Ayson, & B. O. Acosta (Eds.), Addressing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) and Other Transboundary Diseases for Improved Aquatic Animal Health in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the ASEAN Regional Technical Consultation on EMS/AHPND and Other Transboundary Diseases for Improved Aquatic Animal Health in Southeast Asia, 22-24 February 2016, Makati City, Philippines (pp. 88-95). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
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9789719931065Related items
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(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2021-12)Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), known as Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) before 2013, was first reported in Vietnam from the Mekong River Delta without laboratory confirmation in the end of 2010. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was recognized as the causative agent of AHPND reported by Dr. Tran Loc in 2013. From 2010 to 2015, AHPND spread quickly to a wide range of shrimp production areas in Viet Nam. White Spot Disease (WSD), in dual infection with AHPND, cause serious disease, each year nearly 1 % in total culture area stopped operation. Although the diseases decreased significantly from 2013 to 2018, AHPND and WSD are still the most serious problem encountered by shrimp farmers in main shrimp production areas. Both tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) have been infected with AHPND and WSD; most cases occur 15–60 days after stocking. AHPND and WSD occur year round; however, it is most frequently observed between March to September. Vietnam has alleviated the effect of AHPND and WSD effectively in the current year. This can be attributed to the application of multiple solutions to prevent and control AHPND and WSD such as (1) improve farmers’ production conditions, awareness, facilities and bio-security measures; (2) implement active surveillance in main shrimp production areas for early warning; (3) broodstock and postlarvae are not accepted if positive for any OIE listed diseases; (4) movement control to prevent spreading disease; (5) encourage developing disease-free farms; (6) improve capacities and complete aquatic animal health system. -
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