Preliminary observation on the number of vertebra in milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forskal)

Senta, Tetsushi; Kumagai, Shigeru

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Date

1976

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Senta, Tetsushi

Kumagai, Shigeru

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Abstract

The existence of races and/or subpopulation in milkfish, a widely distributed species, is suggested by many workers. Comparison of mean numbers of vertebrae is one of the useful method of distinguishing subpopulations. The present paper reports the results of preliminary studies made on the vertebral counts of milkfish fry collected from several areas. The results obtained, though not conclusive, suggest the scope for further study in the line.

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10862/3371

Citation

Senta, T., & Kumagai, S. (1976). Preliminary observation on the number of vertebra in milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forskal). In Proceedings of the International Milkfish Workshop Conference, May 19-22, 1976, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines (pp. 232-235). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. http://hdl.handle.net/10862/3371

Publisher

Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center

Subject

Marine fish; Vertebrae; Vertebrae counts; Bones; Body shape; Developmental stages; Fish larvae; Invertebrate larvae; Larval development; Milkfish; Chanos chanos

Type

Conference paper

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Proceedings of the International Milkfish Workshop Conference, May 19-22, 1976, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines [22]

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Milkfish nutrition: a review

LV Benitez - In RD Fortes, LC Darvin & DL de Guzman (Eds.), Fish and crustacean feeds and nutrition : Proceedings of the seminar-workshop on fish and crustacean feeds and nutrition held on 25-26 February 1985 at UPV, Iloilo City, 1989 - Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development

This paper reviews recent work on milkfish nutrition. Substantial progress had been made towards understanding the digestive physiology of milkfish. Major enzaymes envolved in the digestions of carbohydrates, protein and lipids had been detected in the pyloric caece, intestines and pancreas of milkfish. The most active carbohydrates were involved in the hydrolysis of α - glocosidic bonds. Intestinal amylase activity consistently reached the peak at about noon when milkfish gut was full. This confirms that milkfish is s daytime feeder. No cellulase activity was detected in any region orf the digertive treat although the fish relies heavily algae and other plant source for food.

Trypsin, chymotrypsin and general proteases were also detected in milkfish digestive tract. A powerful milkfish trypsin inhabitor was detected in the filementous algae, Chaetomorpha brachygona which is predominant species in lumot. Lipass in the pancreas and intestines had two pH optima, suggesting a physiologic versatility for lipid digestion in milkfish.

There is a limit information on the nutrient requirement of milkfish. Most studies showed that milkfish fry has a dietary requirement of 40% protein, and 7-10 lipid. Studies on the protein-energy requirement of fingerlings suggested that 30-40% protein, 10% fat and 25% carbohydrates are required. Subsequent studies showed an optimum protein energy to total metabolizable energy ratio of 44.4%. Amino acid test diets for milkfish had been formulated to contain white fish meal, gelatin and approprate amino acid mix.
Article

Lactate dehydrogenase isozyme patterns during the development of milkfish, (Chanos chanos (Forskal))

PD Requintina, LM Engle & LV Benitez - Kalikasan, The Philippine Journal of Biology, 1981 - University of the Philippines at Los Baños

Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis was done to determine the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isozyme patterns for fry (5-3 mg), fingerling (6-12 g), pond-size (150-250 g) and adult (6-9 kg) milkfish. The patterns were tissue specific; the different tissues examined, viz., eye, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle had different expressions of LDH isozymes. The resolved patterns appeared to be products of LDH gene loci A, B, and C. Subunits A and B were present in all tissues. A₄ and B₄ were predominant in skeletal and heart muscle, respectively; the two associated non-randomly in vivo and formed only the heteropolymers A₃B and AB₃. A liver band, L₄, was most conspicuous in the fingerling, pond-size, and adult; it was assumed to be coded by locus C. A negatively charged band, X₄, was detected in fully developed ovary and in fry homogenized as whole individuals, but it could not be resolved in tissues of fingerling.

Six-mo old stunts and 3-mo old fingerlings had similar LDH patterns for all tissues examined. The patterns for 11-mo old stunts and fingerlings also were similar but the one for the eye of the former was the same pattern resolved for the eye of adults.

There was no change in the LDH isozyme patterns of milk fish stunted for 6 mo under different salinity levels (0-5, 15-20, 32-35 ppt).
Book

Philippine National Standard: Organic aquaculture

Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards - 2016 - Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards

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