Interactive influence of dietary protein and lipid on maturation of Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus broodstock
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Abstract
The establishment of protein and lipid requirements for growth of penaeid species is essential in maximizing productivity but information on the effects of these nutrients on gonad maturation is still lacking. Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards) broodstock, were fed formulated maturation diets containing varying levels of dietary protein (35, 45 and 55%) and lipid (6, 12 and 18%) combinations following a 3×3 factorial design. Control group was fed with fresh mussel, squid and polychaete. Results indicate that treatment groups receiving diets of 45/18 and 55/12 protein/lipid combinations and the control exhibited higher maturation rates than the other treatments (p = 1.9 × 10−4). Shrimp broodstocks fed diets containing the lowest protein or lipid levels exhibited poor gonad maturation. Hepatopancreas damage and gonadal atresia were apparent in treatments with high dietary lipid based on histological and biochemical analyses. The diet with 55/12 protein/lipid combination is therefore best recommended for P. indicus gonad maturation. This study demonstrated that a well‐formulated diet that satisfies the protein and lipid requirements can support successful gonadal maturation comparable with feeding the broodstocks fresh maturation diets.
Keywords
gonadal development lipid requirement maturation diet nutrient requirement Penaeus indicus broodstock protein requirementSuggested Citation
Santander-Avancena, S., Traifalgar, R. F., Laureta, L. V., Monteclaro, H., & Quinitio, G. (2021). Interactive influence of dietary protein and lipid on maturation of Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus broodstock. Aquaculture Research , 52(5), 2243-2253. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.15076
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1355-557X; 1365-2109Collections
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Broodstock nutrition in penaeid is a vital component of a successful hatchery operation, however, there are still gaps in our present understanding of the nutrient requirements and strategies to optimize successful seed production. The first study determined the influence of different nutrient levels on the maturation of Indian white prawn, Penaeus indicus. Results showed maturation diet with 55/12 protein/lipid combination resulted in best reproductive performance of P. indicus in terms of maturation and offspring quality similar to that achieved in broodstock fed with fresh diet. Experimental maturation diet with the lowest nutritional inclusion resulted in poor maturation rates of broodstock, while treatments with high lipid supplementation resulted in higher lipid accumulation in the hepatopancreas and low survival. The second and third components of the dissertation determined the effect of polychaete extract supplementation on male and female broodstock maturation, respectively. Results showed inclusion (0.25% and 0.50%) of polar lipid fraction (PLF) in the diet resulted in best ovarian maturation with significantly increased ovarian vitellogenin (Vg) expression of female P. indicus. Neutral lipid fraction (NLF) and total soluble fraction (TSF) at 0.50% and 1.00% inclusion levels equally promoted ovarian maturation of female P. indicus broodstock but with lower ovarian Vg expression. All dietary treatments except for 0.25% NLF and TSF improved P. indicus ovarian maturation compared to those fed basal or fresh feed diets. Meanwhile, the lowest inclusion of TSF and NLF resulted in higher sperm counts while PLF did not improve sperm production. Polychaete extract supplementation in the maturation diet of male P. indicus broodstock did not significantly increase sperm count compared to those fed with the basal diet. Male and female broodstock have different reproductive responses to polychaete supplementation, suggesting differences in their requirements, hence, nutritional manipulation should be made sex-specific. Rearing broodstock, either monosex or mixed sex did not influence gonad maturation, sperm quantity and quality, and mating behavior and success. Overall these findings indicate that a sex-specific nutritional intervention is a practical approach to attain efficient gonad maturation and reproductive success in the breeding of P. indicus. -
Ovarian changes and female-specific protein levels during sexual maturation of the white shrimp Penaeus indicus
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The histological changes in the ovary and female-specific protein levels in the hemolymph during sexual maturation of Penaeus indicus were determined. Ovarian maturation was classified into four stages: immature stage, consisting mainly of oogonia and primary oocytes; maturing stage, composed of oocytes with yolky substances in the cytoplasm; mature stage, oocytes with club-shaped cortical rods in the peripheral cytoplasm; and spent stage, composed of primary oocytes, oocytes with yolky substances and scattered residual rod-like bodies. Female-specific protein levels in the hemolymph were low in the immature stage (4.45 µg/ml), increased significantly in the maturing stage (23.53 µg/ml), peaked in fully mature (48.30 mu g/ml) and decreased in spent (22.86 µg/ml) females. -
Evaluation of leguminous seed meals and leaf meals as plant protein sources in diets for juvenile Penaeus indicus
(Society of Israeli Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology, 1998)The potential of locally available legumes (white cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, and green mung-bean, Vigna radiata) and leaf meals (papaya, Carica papaya, and cassava, Manihut esculenta) in combination with defatted soybean meal as protein sources was evaluated in juvenile Penaeus indicus. The feedstuffs were included in practical diets for P. indicus, replacing 9% of the protein in the basal diet. Juvenile P. indicus (mean initial weight 0.08±0.01 g) were fed the practical diets for 61 days. Shrimp fed the control diet had the highest weight gain and specific growth rate, which did not significantly differ (p>0.05) from those of shrimp fed white cowpea meal, papaya leaf meal and cassava leaf meal. Survival of the control shrimp was significantly higher (p<0,05) than that of shrimp fed cassava and papaya leaf meals but comparable to that of shrimp fed white cowpea meal. The growth of shrimp given green mungbean meal was comparable to that of shrimp fed papaya leaf meal, however the shrimp fed mungbean meal had the lowest survival. The apparent protein digestibility (APD) of white cowpea meal (87%) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of the control (82%) and cassava leaf meal (77%) based diets . However, the APD of the white cowpea meal based diet was comparable to those of the papaya leaf meal and green mungbean meal based diets. Results suggest that, besides digestibility, other factors such as the amino acid balance of the diet and the amount of anti-nutritional factors may influence the growth and survival of P. indicus.
