Culture of natural food for farmed freshwater fish and prawn larvae
Date
2023-01
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5,760ASFA keyword
AGROVOC keyword
Taxonomic term
Chlorella 
Brachionus
Moina
Artemia
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Oreochromis niloticus
Aristichthys nobilis
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
Clarias macrocephalus
Chanos chanos
Leiopotherapon plumbeus
Brachionus rotundiformis
Chlorella sorokiniana
Chlorella vulgaris
Nanochlorum
Arthrospira platensis
Brachionus plicatilis
Nannochloropsis
Tubifex tubifex
Brachionus
Moina
Artemia
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Oreochromis niloticus
Aristichthys nobilis
Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
Clarias macrocephalus
Chanos chanos
Leiopotherapon plumbeus
Brachionus rotundiformis
Chlorella sorokiniana
Chlorella vulgaris
Nanochlorum
Arthrospira platensis
Brachionus plicatilis
Nannochloropsis
Tubifex tubifex
Geographic names
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Abstract
This manual describes the various methods for culturing microalgae and other natural food organisms fed to freshwater fish/prawn larvae that are produced and reared in hatcheries. Hence, it will encourage/ promote the use of natural food organisms be these live and/or processed (concentrated algal pastes), as a means of optimizing larval fish/prawn production.
The manual was written purposely for local freshwater fish/prawn hatchery owners/operators and their technicians. The authors prepared the manual for hatchery operators to have a better understanding of how and why there is a need to culture natural food organisms as part of the standard larval rearing protocol and to increase/boost fish and/or prawn seedstock production.
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FilipinoSuggested Citation
Gutierrez, R. C., Rutaquio, M. P., Aya, F., & Romana-Eguia, M. R. R. (2023). Culture of natural food for farmed freshwater fish and prawn larvae. Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
Type
BookISSN
0115-5369Series
Aquaculture extension manual; No. 71Format
34 pages : color illustrations.
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO
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Improved hatchery rearing of mangrove red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, in large tanks with small rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) and Artemia
(Society of Israeli Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology, 1996)A hatchery rearing scheme for the red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus, is described. The feeding regime consisted of Chlorella, Brachionus, Artemia and minced fish. The average survival rate at day 24 was 27% in 3-ton tanks but only 3% in 0.5-ton tanks. From an initial length of 2.15 mm at stocking, larvae grew to 8.2 mm on day 24 and 30.6 mm on day 55. Growth and survival were best when larvae were fed screened Brachionus (<90 μm) during the first 14 days. Larvae fed Artemia at 1, 2 and 3 per ml per day weighed similarly on day 35 but were longer at the higher feeding levels and survived better at the lower levels. Larvae fed Artemia at 2 per ml had a higher survival when the ration was given four times a day rather than 1-2 times a day. -
Food value of Brachionus plicatilis fed three selected algal species as live food for milkfish, Chanos chanos Forsskal, fry production
(Blackwell Publishing, 1990)The effects of three selected algal species, Tetraselmis tetrahele, Isochrysis galbana and marine Chlorella sp. on the population growth of Brachionus plicatilis was evaluated after 3, 5 and 7 days of culture. The rotifers fed on T. tetrahele showed superior growth with mean peak density of 92.5 individuals per ml to those fed on I. galbana (48.2 individuals per ml) and Chlorella sp. (47.2 individuals per ml) in 5 days. In another experiment, milkfish. Chanos chanos Forsskal, fry with initial mean body weight and standard length of 6.26 ± 1.07mg and 13.04 ± 1.40mm, respectively, were fed B. plicatilis reared on the three algal species for 30 days. Results showed that growth, measured in terms of gain in weight and length, was significantly different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Fastest growth was obtained in fry fed B. plicatilis cultured on T. tetrahele with mean gains in weight and length of 61.48 ± 8.40mg and 9.37 ± 1.68 mm, respectively, followed by fry fed B. plicatilis reared on I. galbana (43.56 ± 8.35mg and 6.25 ± 0.48mm). Milkfish fry fed B. plicatilis cultured on Chlorella sp. gave the poorest growth with mean gains in weight and length of 11.05 ± 1.82mg and 2.33 ± 0.29mm, respectively. Percentage survival ranged from 93.1 to 95.3 percent and was not significantly different between treatments (P < 0.05). The differences in population growth of B. plicatilis and consequently growth of milkfish fry was almost certainly attributed to the differences observed in the biological values of their algal diet, and in particular their protein and lipid contents. T. tetrahele and I. galbana improved the food value of B. plicatilis as live food for the milkfish fry. Their high dietary value was related to the higher algal protein and fat levels and contents of n-3 HUFA particularly 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 compared to B. plicatilis cultured on Chlorella sp. The results of the present study point to T. tetrahele as the most suitable food for the mass culture of the rotifer, B. plicatilis. -
Larval rearing of the grouper Epinephelus suillus under laboratory conditions
(Elsevier, 1997)A protocol for rearing orange-spotted rockcod, Epinephelus suillus in the hatchery is described. The feeding regime consisted of Chlorella, Brachionus, Artemia and minced fish. With this regime, survival rates at Day 24 were 19.8% in 3-ton tanks and only 7.4% in 0.5-ton tanks. From an initial length of 1.62 mm on Day 0, larvae grew to 10.94 mm on Day 24 and 51.4–65.1 mm on Day 60. Larval growth and survival rate were improved when larvae were fed screened (less than 90 μm) Brachionus during the first 2 weeks. Survival was even better among larvae fed Brachionus until Day 35. Artemia, at a density of 3 ml−1, given once daily to larvae in 24 ppt seawater improved growth and survival.
