Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.

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  Coastal fisheries and mollusk and seaweed culture in Southeast Asia: Integrated planning and precautions 

  McManus, John W. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1995)

  Capture fisheries in Southeast Asia are characterized by rampant overfishing, made worse in many areas by problems of overpopulation and by inappropriate management strategies based on misconceptions about tropical fisheries. Mollusk culture and seaweed culture are frequently cited as means to alleviate fishing pressure and to provide substitute protein. There is great potential for expansion of these types of mariculture in terms of area used, species employed, and products generated. However, large-scale mariculture rarely provides significant employment, and the provision of low-cost protein in markets does not alleviate poverty in countries where food production is the primary means of employment. In cases where conflicts have arisen between mariculture development and ecosystem maintenance, mariculture has been favored by inappropriate economic valuations. Small-scale mariculture designed to provide alternative livelihood for fishers is worth developing, although limited by larval supplies and suitable farming areas. Mariculture should be approached as a species-diverse, small-scale enterprise within the framework of integrated coastal management.
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  Community-based shrimp stock enhancement for coastal socio-ecological restoration in the Philippines 

  Altamirano, Jon; Kurokura, Hisashi; Salayo, Nerissa D.; Baticados, Didi; Suyo, Jee Grace; Ishikawa, Satoshi (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2015)

  The reality of declining quality of coastal areas has been evident for many developing countries, especially in Southeast Asia. In the Philippines, rural coastal zones and estuaries are now being characterized by declining wild fisheries resources and degrading environment. This paper presents, as an example, the typical rural coastal towns of New Washington and Batan in Aklan province, Philippines and showcases how the concept of shrimp stock enhancement can provide incentives to restore the environment and provide sustainable fishing livelihood in the area. The New Washington-Batan Estuary in northeast Panay Island, Philippines was a productive fishing ground that has been in a state of degenerating brackishwater fisheries and estuarine environment. Average daily catch composed of various species decreased from 24 kg in 1970s to 0.7 kg at present. Shrimp fisheries, the most important livelihood, declined in quality and quantity. The highly-priced and once very abundant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon was replaced with smaller-sized and lower-priced species like the Metapenaeus ensis. These can be attributed to the conversion of 76% of mangroves to culture ponds in the past 50 years and more than 400% increase in fishing gears since the 1990s. The need to reduce fishing structures and rehabilitate mangroves is evident. However, these drastic changes directly affect fishers livelihood. This paper explores the prospects of P. monodon stock enhancement as positive reinforcement for the estuary s rehabilitation. Number of gears per fisher may have to be reduced but shrimp catches will be relatively high-priced. Simulations with additional tiger shrimp caught due to stock enhancement show that fishers can increase income by more than 4 times from their current PhP 34 gear-1 day-1. Campaigns on the importance of mangrove especially as shrimp habitat can encourage local communities to reforest the estuary especially in abandoned ponds. With effective management, law enforcement, and sustained support from different sectors, shrimp stock enhancement can be a positive strategy in estuarine rehabilitation and livelihood sustainability in the New Washington-Batan Estuary.
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  Anthropological study on the coastal fisheries: harmonization of present and traditional technologies for sustainable coastal fisheries through community-based coastal resources management (CB-CRM): the Philippine experience. 

  Flores, Efren Ed C. (Master’s Program in Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1996)

  As an archipelago country, communities in the Philippines grow along the coastal areas, and usually near a river. The main source of food and livelihood of these communities would be from their surrounding aquatic resources. Through the years, some communities grew to become the present day towns and cities or urban centers. With population growth, new communities are formed along the coastal areas along with old communities remaining as such through the years and still depending mainly from the surrounding aquatic resources for food and livelihood. This paper will concentrate its presentation on these small communities which are called "barangay", the basic political unit in the Philippines, governed by a Barangay Council headed by a Barangay Captain, who together with its members are elective government officials. The coastal barangay is referred to as the fishing community with its fishers referred to as "municipal" fishermen, or small-scale fishermen. The Philippine Local Government Code defines the fishing area for municipal fishermen as that body of marine water extending 15 kilometers seaward starting from the coastline. Fishing operations with the use of fishing vessels of three gross tons or less can operate in this fishing area or municipal fishing ground. Fish production from municipal fisheries have been increasing through the years until 1991 when production continuously decreased up to 1994. Government projections predict the municipal fisheries production up to 1998 at the 1994 level. The main causes for the decrease in municipal fisheries production are illegal fishing operation such as dynamite fishing, "muro-ami" fishing, and cyanide fishing, and overfishing as a result of growing population of fishers and number of fishing communities.