Reproductive performance, lipids and fatty acids of mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål) fed dietary lipid levels
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Natural food (NF, control), artificial diets (AD) containing total lipid levels of 10%, 12% and 14% (AD10, AD12 and AD14) and their combinations (AD10+NF, AD12+NF and AD14+NF) were fed for 112 days to pond-sourced eyestalk-ablated mud crab Scylla serrata (625±6.4 g) in tanks in order to determine their effects on reproduction and lipid profiles in broodstock tissues and zoeae. Crabs fed NF had the highest number of spawning followed by crabs fed AD10+NF and AD14+NF. Higher offspring production (number of zoeae) was obtained from crabs fed NF and AD+NF than from AD. As dietary total lipid levels increased, total lipid of broodstock ovaries, hepatopancreas, muscle and zoeae correspondingly increased in which AD+NF promoted higher levels than AD. Increased dietary total lipid levels enhanced lipid classes such as triacylglycerols and phosphatidyl choline levels in zoeae, all higher in crabs fed AD+NF than in AD. The major fatty acids in zoeae, particularly 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9 and 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, were higher in crabs fed AD+NF than in AD, the contents corresponding to broodstock dietary total lipid levels. A 10% total lipid in AD in combination with NF was sufficient to provide the essential lipids in crabs in the improvement of larval production and quality.
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Alava, V. R., Quinitio, E. T., de Pedro, J. B., Orosco, Z. G. A., & Wille, M. (2007). Reproductive performance, lipids and fatty acids of mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål) fed dietary lipid levels. Aquaculture Research , 38(14), 1442-1451. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2007.01722.x
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1355-557X; 1365-2109Collections
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Lipids and fatty acids in wild and pond-reared mud crab Scylla serrata (Forsskål) during ovarian maturation and spawning
; Quinitio, Emilia T.
; ; ; ; (Wiley-Blackwell, 2007)
Wild-caught and pond-reared female mud crab Scylla serrata at different stages of ovarian maturation were collected from Samar and Capiz, Philippines. Crabs were categorized into five stages according to the external morphological and microscopic appearance of the most advanced oocytes. The ovaries, hepatopancreas, muscle and newly spawned eggs (NSE) were analysed for lipid class components and fatty acids. Total lipid was higher in pond-reared than in wild-caught crabs but increased with ovarian maturation in both groups. Ovarian lipid peaked at the fully mature stage, coinciding with a decline in hepatopancreatic and muscle lipids. Lipid levels declined significantly in spent females. The tissues contained elevated highly unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic (20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3) acids, but at higher levels in late maturing and fully mature ovaries and in NSE. The type of lipid class and fatty acid components in mature ovaries as well as in NSE are generally considered to be indicative of their importance in reproductive physiology and embryonic and larval development. -
Growth and body composition of juvenile mud crab, Scylla serrata, fed different dietary protein and lipid levels and protein to energy ratios.
(Elsevier, 2002)The effect of different dietary protein and lipid levels, and protein to energy (P/E) ratios on growth and body composition of the mud crab, Scylla serrata, was evaluated. Six practical test diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (32%, 40% and 48%) at two lipid levels (6% and 12%), each with P/E ratios ranging from 20.5 to 31.1 mg protein/kJ. Individual crabs were stocked in 36 units of 60-l tanks and maintained on a 40% protein diet until each molted (M0). Newly molted crabs were weighed and fed the test diets until termination at 30 days from the third molt (M3+30). Crabs were monitored daily and body weight (BW) taken after each molt, at intermolt and at termination. Average initial BW (11.18±0.66 g) was taken at 18 days after M0. Carapace width (CW) at M3+30 and of the exuviae (at molt 1, 2, and 3 or M1, M2 and M3), weight of exuviae (M1 to M3), feed conversion ratio or FCR, duration of intermolt, and total number of days of feeding test diets (M0 to M3+30) were determined. At the end of the study, crabs were freeze-dried for analysis of nutrients in the flesh, exoskeleton and fat body. The FCR (3.21–4.21), intermolt duration and total number of days of feeding test diets (111.3–131.2 days) were not affected by dietary treatments (P>0.05). Analysis of covariance was used with CW at M1 and BW at M0+18 as covariates. CW in the 40% protein with 6% lipid or 40/6 diet (P/E ratio, 27.5 mg protein/kJ) did not increase when lipid was increased to 12% (40/12), and it was significantly wider than crabs fed the 48/6 and 48/12 diets (P/E ratios, 31.1 and 27.2 mg protein/kJ). CW and BW did not differ in the 40% and 32% protein diets and were not affected by dietary lipid level at every level of protein. Ca in the exoskeleton was lowest in the 32/6 diet, while exuviae weight was about one-fourth of BW. Crude fat in the lipid deposit of crabs fed 48% protein diets were low. Results showed that the mud crab, S. serrata, grow well when fed diets containing 32–40% dietary protein with either 6% or 12% lipid at dietary energy ranging from 14.7–17.6 MJ/kg. -
Larval rearing of mud crab (Scylla): What lies ahead
; ; Quinitio, Emilia T.; ; ; ; ; ; ; (Elsevier, 2018)
The increasing global demand for mud crabs (genus Scylla) and threats to the wild populations highlight the urgency of fully rearing them in captivity. Despite considerable progress in mud crab production, most crab farms still rely heavily on wild-caught crablets and juveniles while the low and inconsistent success rates of larviculture remain as the main bottleneck impeding the development of mud crab aquaculture. Over the years, numerous studies have been conducted to determine the optimum larval rearing parameters, the ontogenic changes in digestive function and feeding behaviour, and the diets for different larval stages. These data, however, are dispersed and not summarised to inform culture practices. This review provides an update on the current progresses and to pinpoint the gaps in knowledge regarding mud crab larval rearing. We include all four mud crab species under the genus Scylla, i.e. Scylla serrata, Scylla olivacea, Scylla tranquebarica and Scylla paramamosain. Knowledge compiled in this review serves as an important guideline for prospective mud crab larviculture. Future research should gear towards filling in the gaps in our knowledge to advance mud crab larval rearing, thus fully incorporating mud crab into the aquaculture sector.
