The essential nutrients: Minerals
Abstract
This section discusses the macro, micro, and trace minerals; their physiologic functions; and deficiency signs and symptoms. It also gives a summary of the mineral functions and mineral requirements of fishes and shrimp.
Citation
Millamena, O. M. (2002). The essential nutrients: Minerals. In O. M. Millamena, R. M. Coloso, & F. P. Pascual (Eds.), Nutrition in Tropical Aquaculture: Essentials of fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding of tropical aquatic species (pp. 57–63). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. http://hdl.handle.net/10862/3315
Contents
- Introduction
- Classification of minerals
- General functions of minerals
- Mineral availabilityMacrominerals
- Microminerals
- Mineral supplementation of practical fish diets
- Mineral requirements of fish
- Guide questions
- Summary
- Suggested readings
Publisher
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development CenterSubject
Type
Book chapterISBN
971851158XRelated items
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- In Training Handbook on Rural Aquaculture, 2009 - Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center -
Article
Oxygen, sulphide and nutrient uptake of the mangrove mud clam Anodontia edentula (Family: Lucinidae)
-Marine Pollution Bulletin , 2001 - ElsevierOxygen, sulphide and nutrient (ammonia, nitrite and phosphate) uptake of Anodontia edentula was measured. Oxygen and sulphide were measured from sealed containers provided with 1 l fresh mangrove mud (sulphide source) and seawater (oxygen source) with two treatments (with and without clam) at 16 replicates each. Oxygen, sulphide and other parameters were measured at days 1 (initial), 3 and 5 (final). Nutrients were measured from containers filled with 1.5 l wastewater from a milkfish broodstock tank with two treatments (with and without clam) at eight replicates each. Ammonia, NO2 and PO4 were measured at days 0 (initial) 3, 6, 9 and 12 (final). Results showed significantly decreasing oxygen and sulphide concentrations in treatment with clams (ANOVA, p < 0.001). A significantly higher ammonia concentration (ANOVA, p < 0.05) was observed in treatment with clams while no significant difference was observed in nitrite and phosphate between the two treatments. A decreasing ammonia and an increasing nitrite trend was also observed in both treatments starting at day 3. -
Conference paper
Mineral requirements of Penaeids
- In Advances in Tropical Aquaculture: Workshop at Tahiti, French Polynesia, February 20 - March 4, 1989, 1990 - Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer
Series: Actes de Colloque 9Marine shrimps absorb minerals from their aquatic environment aside from the minerals that come from the food they eat. Thus, the dietary requirement of shrimps for certain minerals will depend on the amounts and availability of these minerals in the aquatic environment. Dietary sources for growth may be necessary due to losses during moltings. Most of the dietary studies for mineral requirements have been done under laboratory conditions with purified or semi-purified diets and hardly any information is available under practical culture conditions. Most published data for mineral requirements are for juvenile Penaeus japonicus. There are few data for P. monodon, P. californiensis, P. merguiensis, P. aztecus. Calcium and phosphorus are the minerals that have been studied the most. These two have been found to be related to problems of soft-shelling in P. monodon. Apparently calcium and phosphorus requirements are within the range of 1 to 2%. The ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the diet is also an important factor in the efficient utilization of both minerals. It seems that a 1 :1 ratio provides for good growth. Phosphorus deficiency results in reduced growth while lack of magnesium brings about decreased growth, poor survival and reduced feed efficiency in P. japonicus. Iron toxicity has also been observed in P. japonicus. It might not be necessary to include some minerals in the diet of penaeids.
