Antibacterial metabolites in the microbial and phytoplankton flora of the "green water" culture of shrimp (Penaeus monodon): Part I. Anti-luminous vibrio factors associated with the "green water" grow-out culture of shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
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2005-03Page views
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Abstract
The ability of the “green water” grow-out culture of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) to prevent outbreaks of luminous vibriosis was investigated by screening associated isolates of bacteria, fungi, phytoplankton and fish skin mucus for anti-luminous Vibrio metabolites. Among the 87 bacterial isolates tested, 62 (71%) caused inhibition (+~+++) of the pathogen after 24-48 hr co-cultivation. The variation in growth inhibition rates of +, ++, and +++ were demonstrated by 14 (16%), 13 (15%), and 28 (32%) isolates, respectively, 24 hr after treatment. Eight bacterial isolates showed consistently sustained maximum inhibition (+++/+++) of luminous Vibrio after 24-48 hr exposure. Majority of these luminous Vibrio inhibiting bacterial isolates were obtained from tilapia mucus and gut. In tests with fungi, 4 of 20 (20%) yeast isolates showed intracellular metabolites inhibitory to luminous Vibrio. Among filamentous fungi, 5 of 45 (11%) isolates yielded intracellular metabolites while 3 of 41 (7%) isolates had extracellular metabolites inhibitory to luminous Vibrio. These fungal isolates were identified as Rhodotorula sp., Saccharomyces sp., Candida sp., Penicillium sp., mycelia sterilia and two unidentified species. The microalgae, Chaetoceros calcitrans and Nitzchia sp. consistently demonstrated complete inhibition of luminous Vibrio from 24 and 48 hr post-exposure, respectively, and during the 7 day experiment. Leptolyngbia sp. caused a 94-100% reduction of the luminous Vibrio population from 104 to 101 cfu/mL 24 hr post-exposure which was sustained throughout the 10-day observation period. In contrast, the inhibitory effects of Skeletonema costatum on luminous Vibrio was bacteriostatic throughout the 7 days exposure while Nannochlorum sp. did not significantly inhibit luminous Vibrio. The skin mucus of jewel tilapia Tilapia hornorum had no resident luminous bacteria and inhibited this bacterial pathogen in 6-48 hr proportionate to the 103 and 105 cfu/mL test concentrations of luminous Vibrio. This study provides scientific explanation that the effectivity of the “green water” culture of tiger shrimp in preventing outbreaks of luminous vibriosis among P. monodon juveniles in grow-out ponds can be attributed to the presence of anti-luminous Vibrio factors in the bacterial, fungal, phytoplankton flora and the skin mucus of tilapia associated with this novel technique of shrimp culture.
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Lio-Po, G. D., Leaño, E. M., Peñaranda, M. M. D., Villa-Franco, A. U., Sombito, C. D., & Guanzon, Jr., N. G. (2005). Antibacterial metabolites in the microbial and phytoplankton flora of the “green water” culture of shrimp (Penaeus monodon): Part I. Anti-luminous vibrio factors associated with the “green water” grow-out culture of shrimp (Penaeus monodon). In K. Nagasawa (Ed.), Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Prevention of Fish and Shrimp Diseases in Southeast Asia (pp. 169–177). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center.
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9718511732Related items
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Studies on the efficacy of Sarafin® (sarafloxacin hydrochloride) on vibrios associated with vibriosis in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
Pakingking, Rolando V., Jr.
; ; (Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, 2002)
In vitro activity of Sarafin® (sarafloxacin hydrochloride) was determined against 7 luminous Vibrio harveyi isolates and 3 non-luminous Vibrio species (V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and Vibrio species) isolated from diseased shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and rearing water, a strain of V. anguillarum from diseased marine fish, 1 strain each of V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. mimicus from diseased grouper (Epinephelus coioides), and V. alginolyticus from diseased seabass (Lates calcarifer). Bacterial susceptibility was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MIC and MBC values obtained for all V. harveyi isolates ranged from <0.3 to 1.25 µg/ml. For the non-luminous Vibrio species, MIC and MBC values ranged from <0.08 to 1.25 µg/ml. In vivo tolerance levels (24 h static bioassay) of larval and postlarval stages of P. monodon for Sarafin® were <10 µg/ml for nauplii, mysis, and postlarvae and ≤1 µg/ml for zoeae. Morphological deformities in the carapace, rostrum, and setae were noted among larvae exposed to >50 µg/ml Sarafin®. These results indicate that Sarafin® is a potential candidate as a chemotherapeutic agent against luminous vibriosis in P. monodon. -
Bacterial loads in hatcheries and virulence of Vibrio spp. to larvae of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon
(Bureau of Agricultural Research, Department of Agriculture, 2007)Shrimp hatcheries are high-density systems and are prone to diseases. A small-scale and a large-scale hatchery for the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in Iloilo, Philippines were monitored over two months for water quality and shrimp survival. Water quality (water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and specific gravity) was not significantly different between the two hatcheries. However, the small hatchery seemed to favor survival of eggs to early postlarval stages, whereas the large hatchery favored the survival of late postlarvae. The normal microflora and bacterial loads of tiger shrimp eggs, larvae, postlarvae, and rearing water were determined to identify the dominant bacteria and potential pathogens. Shrimp eggs harbored the lowest heterotrophic bacterial counts. The counts increased from the nauplii to the mysis stages, decreased during the mysis stage, and then gradually increased in the older larvae. Bacterial loads in the rearing water reflected those in raw sea water and reservoir-aged sea water. Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas were not detected in eggs but were found in postlarvae. Ubiquitous in sea water, these bacteria increased with the build-up of organic matter. The bacterial load in the water adversely affected larval survival. Forty bacterial strains were isolated from tiger shrimp eggs, larvae, postlarvae, from the feeds, and from the rearing water. These were tested for biochemical characteristics and segregated into eight groups or genera. Six genera were found in the mysis and five genera in the postlarvae. The Vibrio species were dominant. Only Escherichia spp. were present in feeds, whereas five genera were present in the rearing water. Only Vibrio and Pseudomonas were present in both larvae and water. Moraxella, Aeromonas, and Klebsiella were found in larvae but not in rearing water. Micrococcus and coryneforms were found only in rearing water. Four Vibrio isolates were tested for virulence against shrimp postlarvae at inoculation densities of 102 and 107 cfu/ml. The four Vibrio species caused mortality of postlarvae, and more at the higher inoculation density. The most virulent was Vibrio anguillarum—30% of postlarvae died after 24 h exposure to a bacterial density of 102 cfu/ml, and all larvae died after 48 h at 107 cfu/ml. Shrimp hatcheries must have protocols for hygiene and sanitation and for disease prevention and control. -
Isolation of Vibrio spp. from Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) with red disease syndrome
Tendencia, Eleonor; (Elsevier, 1997)
From January 1990 to June 1993, 59% of the total juvenile to adult shrimp Penaeus monodon submitted for diagnosis at the Fish Health Section of the Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines were diagnosed to have red disease syndrome. Red disease syndrome is characterized by the reddening of the shrimp body. The aetiology of the disease is unknown. This paper reports for the first time the isolation of four Vibrio phenotypes, namely, Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluuialis and Vibrio sp. from shrimps with red disease. Pathogenicity test shows that injection with V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi can produce the characteristic red discoloration in healthy shrimp.
