Growth performance and condition factor of juvenile milkfish (Chanos chanos) cultured in a marine pen in relation to body size and temperature
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The growth performance and condition factor (CF) of milkfish (Chanos chanos) in relation to body size and temperature were investigated in a shallow marine pen culture system in coastal waters of the Philippines. Three common models were tested to determine the best-fit model for the growth of milkfish, and the logistic model was found to be best for both weight-based and length-based growth. Daily specific growth rate in weight (\(DSGR_{W})\) and length (\(DSGR_{L})\) were positively correlated with water temperature, while both \(DSGR_{W}\) and \(DSGR_{L}\) were correlated negatively with the size of the fish, which supported the fit of the growth model. CF of milkfish exhibited a positive correlation with the feed conversion ratio and significant seasonal variations. The ratio was lower in the fast growth season (dry season) than in the slow growth season (rainy season). By integrating these controversial findings, we were able to posit that low temperature and inefficient feeding makes ‘fat’ fish and vice versa. This may be explained by changes in proximate body composition (e.g., protein and water content) and the change in metabolic rate brought about by different water temperatures.
การอ้างอิง
Kodama, M., Diamante, R. A., Salayo, N. D., Castel, R. J. G., & Sumbing, J. G. (2021). Growth performance and condition factor of juvenile milkfish (Chanos chanos) cultured in a marine pen in relation to body size and temperature. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly , 55(2), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.55.191
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ArticleISSN
0021-3551คอลเลกชัน
- Journal Articles [1267]
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Growth of juvenile milkfish Chanos chanos in a natural habitat
; Bagarinao, Teodora
; (Inter Research, 1985)
A population of juvenile milkfish, C. chanos (Forsskaal) was studied in a small mangrove lagoon in Naburut Island, central Philippines. Several size groups of milkfish occurred in the lagoon as a result of its periodic connection with the sea. Body-weight to fork-length relation was: log W = - 5.2991 + 3.2388 log L, similar to that of pond-cultured specimens. In Naburut lagoon, juvenile milkfish take in primarily blue-green algae, as well as mangrove and seagrass debris, diatoms and detritus. The condition factor of fish caught during the day from May to Nov. stayed constant, indicating that lagoon conditions for growth in terms of food did not change markedly during the year. The monthly size-frequency distribution shows that juvenile milkfish in the lagoon grew at a rate of 7 to 9 mm \(wk^{-1}\) in 1979. Compared with pond-cultured specimens, their growth rate was lower during the first month but higher during the second month in the nursery. The limited area and depth of Naburut lagoon probably set the limit to the size of juvenile milkfish; these can be sustained there to just 150 to 180 mm fork length. -
Utilization of mung bean, Vigna radiata (Linnaeus) as a novel protein source in practical-type diets for juvenile milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal): Effects on growth, feed efficiency, body composition, and histology of gut and liver
(Society of Israeli Aquaculture and Marine Biotechnology (SIAMB), 2015)A 15-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum partial inclusion of mung bean protein in milkfish diet. Six isonitrogenous practical-type diets with mung bean included at 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20% of the diet equivalent to 0%, 3%, 7%, 10%, 13%, and 17% of the total dietary protein, respectively, were formulated. Milkfish with average body weight (ABW) of 8.5 ± 0.23g were distributed in eighteen tanks (6 treatments X 3 replications) with 10 fish each. The fish were fed the diets three times daily. Results showed that growth of milkfish was not adversely affected by the inclusion of mung bean protein at any dietary level. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were significantly improved by the inclusion of mung bean at 20% of the diet. Nutrient compositions of the fish carcass were similar in all diets. Furthermore, no detrimental effects attributable to mung bean inclusion were seen in terms of protein retention, hepatosomatic index (HSI), and liver and midgut histology of the fish. Overall, mung bean is a promising protein source for milkfish and can be included up to 20% of the diet contributing as much as 17% of the total dietary protein without detrimental effects on growth, feed performance, PER, protein retention, HSI, and liver and intestinal histology. -
Potential of feed pea (Pisum sativum) meal as a protein source in practical diets for milkfish (Chanos chanos Forsskal)
(Elsevier, 2003)A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the use of feed pea meal as a dietary protein source for juvenile milkfish. Six isonitrogenous (30% crude protein) and isocaloric (16.5 kJ/g) practical diets were formulated. The control diet contained fish meal, soybean meal, meat and bone meal and copra meal as principal protein sources. Feed pea meal was progressively substituted at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% of total protein. A leading commercial milkfish feed was also tested as an additional control. The experimental diets were fed to triplicate groups of milkfish fingerlings (mean initial weight of 0.42±0.01 g) at 10% body weight/day. Growth performance (expressed as percentage of weight gain and SGR), survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of milkfish fed diets with up to 10% substitution of the dietary protein with feed pea meal were not significantly different (P>0.05) compared to fish fed the control diet. Replacement with feed pea meal at 15% and higher levels led to milkfish fed these diets showing a significantly lower growth response compared to fish fed with the control without any feed pea meal. Nevertheless, it was observed that milkfish fed diets with up to 20% of total dietary protein substitution with feed pea meal showed better growth rates and feed conversion ratios than the commercial feed control. Whole body composition (crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extracts and ash content) of milkfish fed the various test diets was not significantly different. Apparent digestibility coefficients of feed pea meal and experimental diets in milkfish were also determined. Results indicate that feed pea meal is an acceptable protein source and can replace up to 20% of the total dietary protein in milkfish diets.
