Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and efficacy of fish oral vaccine against motile aeromonad septicemia in tank trials
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2024-08-15Page views
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Abstract
Motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS), caused by the Aeromonas species, has been a serious problem in fish health management, particularly in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study characterized an Aeromonas species isolated from farmed tilapia fingerlings in Binangonan, Rizal, Philippines, and tested for its pathogenicity in tank trials. The isolate, designated as Aeromonas veronii DFR01 (Diseased Fish Rizal), was identified based on 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis, 16S rRNA homology, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Its biochemical profile was generated from API and Biolog Gen III systems. A median lethal dose of A. veronii DFR01 was determined to be 107 CFU/mL in tank trials and was utilized as a whole-cell inactivated antigen for oral vaccine development. The immunized tilapia fingerlings produced elevated levels of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the blood as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a significant increase in IgM levels 14 days post-vaccination. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed increasing levels of IgM gene expression after vaccination until 38 days of culture. Vaccinated fish showed 25–35% cumulative mortality after the challenge, while non-vaccinated-challenged fish showed 75% mortality. The findings of this research suggest that the fish oral vaccine may prove beneficial for farmed tilapia populations. The vaccine elicited improved immune responses in the fish and resulted in higher survival rates.
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Aeromonas MAS pathogenicity tilapia fish oral vaccineSubjects
Nile tilapia
Oral vaccines
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Argayosa, A., Santos, M. N., Argayosa, V., Pakingking, R., Buhian, W., Salvador, M. L., & Teh, R. E. (2024). Pathogenicity of Aeromonas veronii from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and efficacy of fish oral vaccine against motile aeromonad septicemia in tank trials. Aquaculture Journal , 4(3), 163-179. https://doi.org/10.3390/aquacj4030012
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; Thanh Dong, Ha ; Hoai, Truong Dinh ; Crumlish, Mags ; Karunasagar, Iddya ; Barkham, Timothy ; Chen, Swaine ; Zadoks, Ruth ; Kiermeier, Andreas ; Wang, Bing ; Garrido Gamarro, Esther ; Takeuchi, Masami ; ; Fouz, Belén ; Pakingking, Rolando V., Jr. ; Zeng, Weiwei ; Bondad-Reantaso, Melba (Wiley, 2023-03-05)
Tilapia culture is an important source of income and nutrition to many rural families. Since 2000, the production of tilapia increased and reached domestic and global markets. Major farmed species is Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), in earthen ponds and cage cultures. Intensification contributed to global tilapia disease outbreaks, with bacterial infections causing mortalities and morbidities, threatening sustainable production. At tilapia farms, high nutrient concentrations, water temperature and fish densities enhance bacterial growth including virulent bacterial clones and potential zoonotic bacteria. Global warming favours this. This review respectively provides a comprehensive overview of the most common and emerging bacterial pathogens, diseases, clinical presentations and diagnostics of tilapia, including bacteria and diseases with zoonotic potential. First, common bacterial disease outbreaks, including streptococcosis, motile Aeromonas septicaemia, francisellosis, columnaris disease and vibriosis are described. Then, information on emerging bacterial infections of concern for tilapia, like edwardsiellosis through Edwardsiella ictaluri and E. tarda, as well as Aeromonas schubertii is provided. Reports of infectious bacterial tilapia disease outbreaks from other bacteria, including Lactococcus garvieae, Aerococcus viridans, Pseudomonas spp., Mycobacterium marinum and Chlamydia spp., and others are reviewed. Furthermore, bacteria with zoonotic potential, like Streptococcus agalactiae ST283, S. iniae, Aeromonas sp., E. tarda, Vibrio vulnificus pathovar (pv) piscis and M. marinum are included in the review, to provide the most current overview of the disease risks affecting production and post-harvest stages. Additionally, the status and risks of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria from tilapia and other cultured fish through imprudent use of antibiotics, and its future at a global level are provided. -
Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the bacterial microbiota of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines
Pakingking, Rolando V., Jr.; Palma, Peter ; (Springer Verlag, 2015)
The quantity and composition of the bacterial microbiota in the rearing water, sediment, gills and intestines of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus collected every 2 weeks from Day 30 to Day 120 after stocking for grow-out culture in 6 earthen brackish water ponds in the Philippines were examined. The total heterotrophic aerobic bacterial counts obtained in the water, sediment, gills and intestines of tilapia ranged from 103 to 104 c.f.u. ml−1, 103–105, 105–107 and 104–107 c.f.u. g−1, respectively. In terms of composition, a total of 20 bacterial genera and 31 species were identified with the preponderance of gram-negative bacteria constituting 84% of all bacterial isolates examined. Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus spp., Plesiomonas shigelloides, Shewanella putrefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Staphylococcus spp. and Vibrio cholerae were the dominant bacteria identified in the gills and intestine of tilapia. These bacteria also dominated in the pond sediment and rearing water, except for the nil isolation of S. putrefaciens and V. cholerae in the water samples examined, indicating that resident bacteria in the pond water and sediment congruently typify the composition of bacterial microbiota in the gills and intestine of tilapia which under stressful conditions may propel the ascendance of disease epizootics. -
Aeromonas load and species composition in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultured in earthen ponds in the Philippines
Pakingking, Rolando V., Jr.; Palma, Peter ; (Wiley, 2020-04-14)
Aeromonas load and species composition in the rearing water, sediment, gills and intestines of healthy tilapia Oreochromis niloticus collected every 2 weeks from Days 30 to 120 after stocking in six earthen ponds in the Philippines were determined. Presumptive Aeromonas counts (PACs) in the water and sediment ranged from 101–103 c.f.u./ml and 101–103 c.f.u./g while in the gills and intestines, PACs ranged from 104–107 c.f.u./g and 102–105 c.f.u./g, respectively. Presumptive Aeromonas counts in the water, sediment, and gills of tilapia varied among days of culture while in the intestines of tilapia, PACs markedly dropped by approximately 2 logs at Day 75 and either remained in the same level or decreased by another 1 log at Day 120 of grow‐out culture. Aeromonas hydrophila predominantly constituted 94% of all presumptive Aeromonas spp. examined (n = 343), followed by A. sobria (4%) and A. salmonicida (2%). Taken together, current data provide some putative threshold levels of tilapia reared in earthen ponds to Aeromonas spp. The dominance of A. hydrophila together with negligible population of A. salmonicida and A. sobria indicate that Aeromonas are common commensal bacteria in tilapia and their environment which under conditions of stress could instigate disease epizootics.
