The Karnafuli Reservoir (Kaptai Lake) has immense prospects for aquaculture as shown by recent limnological and biological studies. It is therefore expected that fish cages culture will become a booming industry in Karnafuli Reservoir.

This paper describes the prospects of cage and pen culture in Sudan and recommends that a project for developing pen and cage culture techniques be started for marine and freshwater aquaculture.

This report presents the initial results of studies on the isolation and identification of the causative agent as well as possible immunization of the estuary groupers. It is hoped that by a vaccination programme, fish could be made immune to such disease. Results indicate: (1) Vibrio parahaemolyticus is pathogenic to estuary grouper (2) that the vaccines did not seem to protect the fish against the vibrio when challenged one week after vaccination, but that this was due to slow antibody production of the fish as salmonids challenged about 30-35 days after vaccination reported good protection against Vibrio anguillarum and other bacterial diseases. Experiments are now in progress to challenge the vaccinated groupers at a later stage.

Observations on experiments carried out on raising quality fish seed in floating nurseries and raising fish of marketable size in cages at Allahabad are reported. The experiments proved successful in terms of (1) rearing carp spawn to fry stages; (2) rearing carp fry in floating nurseries (cages) in lentic waters to fingerling stage.

After a brief review of Egypt's present annual production of wild fish, the idea of increasing this production by means of cage and pen culture is discussed, as it would utilize vast aquatic areas of good water quality. A preliminary experiment on cage culture of the carp, Cyprinus carpio is briefly reported.

After a brief introduction dealing with the prospects of fish farming in cages in Kaptai Lake (Karnafuli Reservoir), a detailed description of a fish cage, which can be constructed by local fishermen, is given.

Sri Lanka has about 300,000 acres of fresh water bodies in the form of irrigation tanks, hydropower reservoirs and flood lakes and about 300,000 acres of brackish water areas. This paper briefly describes present aquaculture development and future prospects with regard to pen and cage culture in Sri Lanka.

This paper describes briefly cage fish culture in Nepal with reference to (1) the construction and design of cages; (2) the species used; (3) cage culture practices and results; (4) the economics of cage culture.

After a brief description of present day acquaculture in Nigeria, the prospects of cage and pen culture are discussed. It is concluded that with the availability of natural rivers, lakes, dams, construction materials, culturable species and ready market for fish, the prospect of cage and pen culture is quite bright in Nigeria.

The problems associated with acid sulfate soil limit the potential utilization of vast coastal areas of mangrove swamps for brackishwater aquaculture. There is an estimated 4.8 million ha of mangrove area in the ASEAN countries alone. Until recently, most attempts to build earthen ponds in these areas have yielded poor results. Aquatic Farms, as technical consultants for a 250 ha-prawn farm in Johore Peninsula, Malaysia, developed a construction technique that utilized the volcano-like burrow mounds of the mud lobster (Thalassina anomala) to cover and seal pond embankments that has minimized the culture problems usually experienced with iron pyrite soil. The strategy, pond design and construction technique are described. Pond dynamics and performance are discussed since the commencement of culture operations and these are compared with a nearby prawn farm that was constructed using conventional techniques. A cost benefit analysis is given in conclusion.