Brackishwater integrated farming systems in Southeast Asia
Abstract
Integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems are more common in fresh water than in brackish water. Nevertheless, southeast Asian countries already have considerable research and experience in brackishwater integrated farming systems. In the Philippines, the effects of animal wastes on water quality and production of fish have been studied: chicken wastes on the mixed culture of milkfish Chanos chanos, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and shrimp Penaeus indicus; chicken and cattle manures on P. monodon and Artemia; and swine wastes on tilapia O. mossambicus. In Indonesia, about 60 hectares of fish farms have crops (pumpkin, spinach, cassava, maize, and chili) or livestock (cattle, goat, sheep, chicken, and duck) grown on the dikes of milkfish ponds. In Vietnam, culture of the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Scylla serrata and marine shrimps has been integrated with coastal rice farming. Aquaculture-silviculture is a flourishing venture in Vietnam and Indonesia and gaining ground with experimental sites in Thailand and the Philippines. The seaweed Gracilaria has been cultured with fishes and shrimps in Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. The production of Artemia cysts and biomass has been integrated with salt-making and fish or shrimp farming in the Philippines and Thailand. Production inputs and outputs from these integrated farming systems vary widely and socioeconomic information is nil. It is imperative to conduct follow-up research and evaluation of each system in terms of production and socioeconomics.
Citation
de la Cruz, C. R. (1995). Brackishwater integrated farming systems in Southeast Asia. In T. U. Bagarinao & E. E. C. Flores (Eds.), Towards Sustainable Aquaculture in Southeast Asia and Japan: Proceedings of the Seminar-Workshop on Aquaculture Development in Southeast Asia, Iloilo City, Philippines, 26-28 July, 1994 (pp. 23-36). Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines: Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center. http://hdl.handle.net/10862/123
Publisher
Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development CenterSubject
Food organisms; Organic wastes; Shrimp culture; Environmental impact; Pond culture; Prawn culture; Crab culture; Brackishwater aquaculture; Socioeconomic aspects; Rice field aquaculture; Seaweed culture; Agropisciculture; Aquaculture techniques; Fish culture; Penaeus monodon; Fenneropenaeus indicus; Chanos chanos; Artemia; Scylla serrata; Gracilaria; Oreochromis niloticus; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Giant river prawn; Giant tiger prawn; Indian white prawn; Milkfish; South East Asia
Type
Conference paperISBN
971851127XCollections
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Book | Conference publication
Prawn industry development in the Philippines: proceedings of the National Prawn Industry Development Workshop, 10-13 April 1984, Iloilo City, Philippines
Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, & National Prawn Industry Development Workshop - 1984 - Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center -
Article
The macronutrient composition of natural food organisms mass cultured as larval feed for fish and prawns
OM Millamena, VD Peñaflorida & PF Subosa -The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh , 1990 - Society of Israeli Aquaculture and Marine BiotechnologyThe macronutrient composition of natural food organisms that are mass cultured as feed for the larval stages of fish and prawns in the SEAFDEC Aquaculture Department was determined by chemical analysis. The food organisms included five species of marine phytoplanktons (algae): Chaetoceros calcitrans, Skeletonema costatum, Tetraselmis chui, Chlorella vulgaris and Isochrysis galbana, and two zooplanktons: Artemia sp. nauplii (San Francisco Bay strain) and Brachionus plicatilis. The algal species were grown in batches on Guillard and Ryther media and harvested during the exponential phase of growth using a procedure which preserved cellular integrity and prevented cell lysis. The zooplankton were cultured using standard techniques adopted at the SEAFDEC Larval Food Laboratory. Each species was analyzed for proximate composition (protein, fat, fiber and ash) and for mineral content (calcium and phosphorous). Nitrogen-free extract (NFE) was determined by difference. For the five algal species, the protein, fat and NFE contents varied from 22% to 48%, 2% to 16% and 14% to 24%, respectively. The zooplanktons had higher protein and fat contents than any of the phytoplankton species except I. galbana which had the highest fat content. On the other hand, the phytoplanktons, particularly the diatoms which have a siliceous cell wall, contained significantly higher quantities of inorganic matter (ash). C. vulgaris had the highest fiber content which may be attributed to its cellulosic cell wall. -
Article
Economic analysis of prawn (Penaeus monodon) culture in the Philippines, II: Grow-out operations
U Hatch, R Agbayani & E Belleza -Asian Fisheries Science , 1996 - Asian Fisheries SocietyThe dramatic fall in prawn (Penaeus monodon) prices coupled with environmental concerns has resulted in a relative stagnation of prawn grow-out operations in the Philippines. Leaders of the Philippine aquaculture sector are concerned that their cost of production is higher than that of their close competitors in Indonesia and Thailand. Also, the environmental and production crash experienced in Taiwan has led to a general perception that intensive culture cannot be sustained. The sector recently experienced a lack of direction and growth, combined with crowded water sheds, excessive use of water bodies, overuse of groundwater and continued destruction of mangrove. A field survey of prawn growers was conducted in August-October 1992 using a standardized economic questionnaire that included costs, returns and growers perceptions of constraints. Economic estimates were developed for representative production systems; intensive, semi-intensive, extensive and prawn-milkfish rotation. The incentive to expand the prawn pond area is not strong. Existing intensive facilities can be operated efficiently and profitably, but new intensive operations will most likely need to include water treatment capabilities for water entering and exiting grow-out ponds. Canals, reservoirs or ponds used for water quality improvement may be able to concurrently produce a profitable crop, such as milkfish-prawn rotation. Internal rate of return for semi-intensive ponds using earthen ponds was higher than for other culture systems. If, over time, water quality and conservation constraints are sufficiently addressed, stocking densities might be increased. Research and extension programs targeting equity should focus on integrated systems.