Growth, molting, food ingestion, and absorption in juvenile Macrobrachium rosebergii in relation to dissolved oxygen
Share
Abstract
Growth, molting, food ingestion, and absorption in juvenile Macrobrachium rosenbergii were evaluated at 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, and 7.7ppm dissolved oxygen (DO), 29°C, and 0.5°/oo salinity. DO levels were maintained by bubbling nitrogen gas against water flowing down through PVC gas-exchange columns. Prawns (0.58 to 0.60g dry weight) were grown individually in 4 l glass chambers for 40 days and fed in excess twice daily. In a separate experiment, food ingestion and absorption in prawns (0.66 to 1.36g dry weight acclimated to the tour DO levels were determined gravimetrically. Growth rate was significantly reduced only at 2.5ppm DO. The mean growth rates, as percentage dry weight increase per day, were 0.76, 1.56, 1.81, and 1.76% at 2.5, 3.5, 5.0, and 7.7ppm DO, respectively. Molting was not inhibited at the tour DO levels tested. Intermolt periods of all prawns ranged trom 8 to 18 days with a mean of 13.6 days. Food ingestion was reduced at 2.5ppm DO, but apparent absorption of dry matter was independent of oxygen at the tour levels tested. Mean ingestion rates, as percentage of dry body weight were 5.51, 8.85, 8.05, and 10.35%. The mean apparent absorption efficiency of all prawns was 87.95%. This study showed that juvenile M. rosenbergii requires about 3.5ppm DO to grow optimally in the laboratory. Reduction in growth of M. rosenbergii at DO levels below 3.5ppm is due in part to a reduction in food intake and not to changes in absorption efficiency and molting frequency.
Suggested Citation
Llobrera, J. A., & Neill, W. H. (1989). Growth, molting, food ingestion, and absorption in juvenile Macrobrachium rosebergii in relation to dissolved oxygen. In N. De Pauw, E. Jaspers, H. Ackefors, & N. Wilkins (Eds.), Aquaculture—A Biotechnology in Progress. Proceedings of the International Conference Aquaculture Europe ’87, 2-5 June 1987, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (Vol. 1, pp. 395–400). Bredene, Belgium: European Aquaculture Society.
Type
Conference paperISBN
9071625036Collections
- Conference Proceedings [300]
Related items
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
-
Shrimp grow-out culture techniques in the Philippines
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1993)The major commercial shrimp species in the Philippines belong to the genus Penaeus and Metapenaeus. The important penaeid shrimps are: P. monodon (giant tiger shrimp or sugpo); P. japonicus and P. semisulcatus (tiger shrimp and bulik or sugpo); and P. merguiensis and P. indicus (white shrimp and Indian white shrimp or putian). The giant tiger shrimp is the major species cultured in ponds while the others are incidental crops. There are 210,000 ha of potential and existing brackishwater ponds in the Philippines (Fig. 1). Because most of these are underdeveloped, present technologies are aimed at improving production or encouraging the development of new areas. Brackishwater fishfarming in the country is primarily centered on milkfish (Chanos chanos) (Table 1). Shrimp used to be merely an incidental crop when postlarvae from the wild enter the milkfish ponds. In the last decade, many traditional milkfish growers recognize the market of shrimps, primarily the giant tiger shrimp. Polyculture of milkfish and shrimp was practiced, and the fishfarmers shifted to shrimp monoculture when price of shrimp in the international market went up. In the mid-70s, SEAFDEC/AQD developed and extended its shrimp hatchery technology, and hatcheries proliferated throughout the country. Seed supply became abundant, encouraging more people to invest in grow-out culture. However, production remained low and inconsistent since the growout technology remains largely an art. When Taiwanese grow-out technology was introduced in the country and research in shrimp was intensified in the Department of Agriculture, University of the Philippines, and SEAFDEC/AQD, new coastal areas were developed particularly in Negros Island where vast tracts of sugarland and rice land were converted to shrimp ponds. Milkfish ponds were also renovated for shrimp culture. There are four shrimp culture levels in the country, namely: traditional, extensive, semi-intensive, and intensive which vary mainly in pond design, stocking density, feeds and feeding, and water management (Table 2). Only the semi-intensive and intensive culture systems are discussed. -
Shrimp hatchery and grow-out operations in Thailand
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1993)Shrimp farming in Thailand has been practiced since more than 50 years ago. This began with the extensive system (traditional method) where shrimp fry are allowed to enter ponds during the high tide, and then harvested after some time. Production then was low and widely fluctuated. After the Department of Fisheries (DOF) successfully spawned and nursed the shrimp (Penaeus, )new techniques were developed and this led to more intensive culture systems. Production of shrimp from aquaculture continuously increased - from 991 t in 1972 to 130,000 t in 1991. The estimated production for 1992 is 150,000 t. The tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is the most desired species due to its rapid growth (commonly grows to 30 g in 4 months in ponds) and its high export value. It is also the major species cultured especially in the intensive system. The other species are banana shrimp (P. merguiensis), white shrimp (P. indicus), and Metapenaeus ensis. These are normally grown in extensive and semi-intensive culture systems. -
Brackishwater integrated farming systems in Southeast Asia
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 1995)Integrated aquaculture-agriculture systems are more common in fresh water than in brackish water. Nevertheless, southeast Asian countries already have considerable research and experience in brackishwater integrated farming systems. In the Philippines, the effects of animal wastes on water quality and production of fish have been studied: chicken wastes on the mixed culture of milkfish Chanos chanos, tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and shrimp Penaeus indicus; chicken and cattle manures on P. monodon and Artemia; and swine wastes on tilapia O. mossambicus. In Indonesia, about 60 hectares of fish farms have crops (pumpkin, spinach, cassava, maize, and chili) or livestock (cattle, goat, sheep, chicken, and duck) grown on the dikes of milkfish ponds. In Vietnam, culture of the giant prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Scylla serrata and marine shrimps has been integrated with coastal rice farming. Aquaculture-silviculture is a flourishing venture in Vietnam and Indonesia and gaining ground with experimental sites in Thailand and the Philippines. The seaweed Gracilaria has been cultured with fishes and shrimps in Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand, and the Philippines. The production of Artemia cysts and biomass has been integrated with salt-making and fish or shrimp farming in the Philippines and Thailand. Production inputs and outputs from these integrated farming systems vary widely and socioeconomic information is nil. It is imperative to conduct follow-up research and evaluation of each system in terms of production and socioeconomics.
