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  • Important Findings and Recommendations on Chemical Use in Aquaculture in Southeast Asia
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  • 01 SEAFDEC/AQD Publications
  • Regional Guidelines/Code of Practice
  • Important Findings and Recommendations on Chemical Use in Aquaculture in Southeast Asia
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Guidelines for the use of chemicals in aquaculture and measures to eliminate the use of harmful chemicals

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asean.org
Date
2013
Author
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Page views
2,514
ASFA keyword
chemicals ASFA
aquatic drugs ASFA
aquaculture ASFA
food safety ASFA
AGROVOC keyword
ASEAN AGROVOC
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Abstract
This set of guidelines has been developed to help national regulators and stakeholders on managing the diverse use of chemicals in aquaculture. It recognising the existing variation in capacity among AMS but has been designed so that it could be adopted and implemented within the specific policy and legal framework of each country.

This document aims to provide guidance for Competent Authorities (CAs) in standards setting / regulating the use of Chemicals in Aquaculture and Measures to Eliminate the Use of Harmful Chemical among AMS. AMS are encouraged to assess and review gaps at their national level with regard to chemicals used in aquaculture, as listed in this document.

Furthermore, it would also help to develop measures to eliminate the use of harmful chemicals in aquaculture; and it is further envisaged that a harmonised regional set of guidelines for the use of chemicals in aquaculture for ASEAN could be produced.

The purpose of this set of guidelines is to list the major chemicals and other substances commonly used in AMS. This set of guidelines will also list the banned chemicals that should not be used or practiced by farmers or aquaculturist in all AMS. The list was compiled and agreed from previous workshops to assess and review gaps exist among AMS with regards to chemical use in aquaculture.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10862/5880
Suggested Citation
ASEAN. (2013). Guidelines for the use of chemicals in aquaculture and measures to eliminate the use of harmful chemicals. Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
Type
Book
ISBN
9786027643642
Collections
  • Important Findings and Recommendations on Chemical Use in Aquaculture in Southeast Asia [7]

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    Van Houtte, Annick (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2000)
    This preliminary review looks into legislation governing the use of chemicals in aquaculture in Asia. Brief assessments are made of the legislation relating to chemical contamination and the use of veterinary drugs and feed additives, a section is dedicated to trade in aquaculture products, and a few conclusions are then drawn. While mandatory measures of control are desirable and feasible, soft law instruments, such as codes of practice and conduct, allow an element of flexibility to be maintained while avoiding undue legislative restraints on scientific and technical progress.
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    The use of chemicals in aquaculture in Malaysia and Singapore 

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    Aquaculture is an increasingly important force in both the Malaysian as well as the Singaporean economies. In recent years, Singapore has focused on the aquarium fish trade, making it one of the largest ornamental fish production and transhipment centers in the world. Similarly, the Malaysian aquaculture industry has made rapid strides in the last few years and is poised to become a major contributor to the national fish supply by the early part of the next century. A significant trend in both countries has been the growing intensification of culture systems to achieve higher production per unit area. This has led to a greater occurrence of disease, particularly among aquarium fish, shrimp and marine fish farms. To obviate and control these diseases, there has been a concurrent increase in the use of chemotherapeutants. The three major groups of commonly used chemotherapeutants are: topical disinfectants, antimicrobials and probiotics. There is a wide range of topical disinfectants used by aquafarmers. The most common of these include lime, teaseed cake, formalin, benzalkonium chloride, acriflavine, malachite green, hypochlorite and poly-vinyl pyrrolidine. Of these, lime and teaseed cake are used exclusively in ponds, and acriflavine and malachite green only in hatcheries, while the others are used in both systems. Antimicrobials being used include sulfonamides, tetracyclines, nitrofurans, chloramphenicol, oxolinic acid and virginiamycin. A number of other chemotherapeutants are also used, albeit on a limited basis. The current concerns surrounding the use of chemotherapeutants and the legislative framework surrounding their sale and distribution are also discussed.
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    The use of chemicals in aquaculture in Indonesia 

    Supriyadi, Hambali; Rukyani, Akhmad (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2000)
    Aquaculture systems in Indonesia have developed toward intensive culture. As a result of intensification of fish culture, increased outbreaks of disease have occurred. Various chemotherapeutic agents like antibiotics and other chemicals have been widely used for treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in fish and shrimp farms. Antibiotics such as oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, neomycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, prefuran and enrofloxacin are used in the treatment of bacterial diseases. Other chemicals such as malachite green oxalate, potassium permanganate, formalin, methylene blue, chlorine and teaseed have been used for the treatment of various diseases. Organic fertilizers, such as chicken manure, and inorganic fertilizers like urea and trisodium phosphate are often applied by shrimp farmers to improve primary productivity in ponds. Bacterial products with trade names like “Multi bacter,” “Enviro star” and “Super NB” have recently been used by shrimp farmers to decompose organic matter resulting from excessive feeding. Feed additives such as vitamin C, “Protec Plus,” and “Super Embak” are used for disease prevention.

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