Grow-out culture of tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus) in suspended mesh cages with different shelter surface areas
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This study investigated the effects of shelter surface area (SSA) on the feeding, growth and survival of the donkey-ear abalone, Haliotis asinina reared in mesh cages (0.38×0.38×0.28m) suspended in flow-through tanks (water volume = 6 m3). Cages had sections of polyvinylchloride (PVC) that provided shelters with surface area of 0.22 m2, 0.44 m2 and 0.66 m2. Hatchery-produced abalone with initial shell length of 32 ± 1 mm and wet weight of 7.5 g were stocked at 50 individuals cage−1 that corresponded to stocking densities of ca. 227, 113 and 75 abalone m−2 of SSA. The ratios of shelter surface area to cage volume (SSA:CV) were 5.5, 11 and 16.5. Abalones were provided an excess red seaweed Gracilariopsis bailinae (= Gracilaria heteroclada) at weekly intervals over a 270-day culture period. Feeding rates (18–20% of wet weight), food conversion ratio (26–27) and percent survival (88–92%) did not differ significantly among treatments (p > 0.05). Body size at harvest ranged from 56 to 59 mm SL and 52 to 57 g wet body weight with significant differences between abalone reared at SSA 0.22 m2 and 0.66 m2 (p < 0.05). Abalone reared in cages with 0.66 m2 SSA grew significantly faster at average daily growth rates of 132 μm and 188 mg day−1. Stocking densities of 75–113m−2 SSA in mesh cages suspended in flow-through tanks resulted in better growth of abalone fed red seaweed.
Keywords
Grow-out Mesh cages Seaweed (Gracilariopsis bailinae) Shelter surface area Tropical abalone (Haliotis asinina)Suggested Citation
Fermin, A. C., & Buen, S. M. (2001). Grow-out culture of tropical abalone, Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus) in suspended mesh cages with different shelter surface areas. Aquaculture International , 9(6), 499-508. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020535301193
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ArticleISSN
0967-6120Collections
- Journal Articles [1267]
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Evaluation of density and cage design for the nursery and grow-out of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina Linne 1758
(National Shellfisheries Association, 2013)The effect of stocking density and cage design on the growth, survival rate, and feed conversion ratio was evaluated for the nursery (11–15 mm in shell length) and juvenile grow-out (26–30 mm in shell length) of the tropical abalone Haliotis asinina. Abalone were fed Gracilaria sp. within a randomized 2 × 3 factorial experiment using 2 stocking densities (Tl (500 pieces/m2) and T2 (1,000 pieces/m2)) and 3 cages (D1, box; D2, mesh cage; D3, prefabricated multitier trays). In addition, 3 stocking densities (T1, 50 pieces/m ; T2, 100 pieces/m; T3, 200 pieces/m) were evaluated in the prefabricated multitier trays. We found that, in the nursery experiment, 4-mo-old tropical abalone juveniles reared for 90 d showed no significant differences in growth (shell length and body weight) and survival rates among the 3 nursery cages used (Tukey's post hoc test, P > 0.05). Feed conversion ratio, however, was lowest for the high-density treatment T1D3 (7.8 ± 0.76) and was significantly different from the low density treatment T1D1 (11.32 ± 1.2) and intermediate density treatment T1D2 (12.39 ± 1.12; t-test, P > 0.05). Conversely, at higher densities (T2), the same trend applied with abalone reared in multitier basket systems (T2D3), having the highest growth rates and survival rates (29.3 ± 0.07 mm average shell length (ASL) and 5.16 ± 0.52 g average body weight (ABW)), followed closely by those reared in mesh cages (T2D2) and boxes (T2D1). Feed conversion ratio was also lowest for T2D3 (7.56 ± 0.79) and was significantly lower than T2D1 and T2D2. Between treatments, however, abalone reared at lower densities (T1) had significantly higher growth and survival than those reared at higher densities (T2), regardless of the nursery cage used, indicating an inverse relationship between stocking density, growth, and survival. For the grow-out study, tropical abalone reared in multitier trays at low densities (T1) attained the highest growth in shell length and body weight (49.7 ± 0.11 mm ASL and 29.8 ± 2.6 g ABW, respectively) at 180 d of culture, which was significantly greater than those reared in the high-density treatment (T3) with significantly smaller shell length and body weight (43.8 ± 0.18 mm ASL and 21.2 ± 2.0 g ABW), but not significantly different than the intermediate density treatment. This trend started from day 60 of culture onward when analyzed using Duncan's multiple range test (P > 0.05). Survival rates were not significantly different among stocking density treatments, nor were feed conversion ratios. We recommend, for nursery rearing of abalone juveniles, using multitier trays (D3) or boxes (D1) at 500 pieces/m2 stocking density to attain a grow-out size of 26–30 mm in shell length in 90 days. A stocking density of 100 pieces/m2 is recommended to grow abalone in multitier trays to attain a cocktail size of 50 mm ASL and 30 g ABW in 180 d with survival rates between 85.6% and 83.1%. -
Test of refined formulated feed for the grow-out culture of tropical abalone Haliotis asinina (Linnaeus 1758) in concrete land-based tanks
(National Shellfisheries Association, 2016)A refined formulated feed for the grow-out culture of tropical abalone Haliotis asinina was evaluated to assess its suitability for a shorter culture period (<8 mo). Refinement procedures focused on the application of additional binder (sodium alginate), use of different feed forms (molo and noodle forms), and incorporation of Spirulina spp. as alternate protein source in partial replacement of other protein sources. Groups of 22 postlarval abalone with mean initial shell length (SL, 29 ± 0.01 mm) and weight (5.67 ± 0.06 g), harvested from the mollusc nursery of Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department in Tigbauan, Iloilo, were stocked each as replicate in five plastic trays measuring 31.7×43.5×9.0 cm. The trays were suspended in five 1×2×1-m concrete land-based tanks representing the five dietary treatments. Abalone were fed either the refined formulated diet,molo form(RF-M), refined formulated diet, noodle form(RF-N), unrefined formulated diet, noodle form(UF-N), unrefined formulated diet, molo form (UF-M), and seaweed (NF), as the reference diet. Formulated diets and natural food were given at 2%-3% and 10%-15% (wet weight) of the body weight, respectively, once daily at 1600 h for 180 days. Water quality measurements were maintained at desired levels. A flow-through filtered seawater systemwith continuous aeration was provided in each tank. A parametric one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used to test the differences in abalone SL, weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR) while nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used for daily growth increase in SL (DGSL) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among the various dietary treatments. Percent diet water stability and apparent digestibility coefficient for dry matter (ADMD) and apparent digestibility of seaweed as ingredient were, likewise assessed. A Hedonic scale taste test analysis was done to assess differences in abalone meat quality. Highest mean WG (239.17% ± 26.05%), mean SL increase (91.51% ± 3.28%), DGSL (2,296.67 µm/day), SGR (4.04 ± 0.27) were attained with abalone fed RF-N. Values, however, were not significantly different (P > 0.05) for all growth parameters in RF-M except for percent increase in SL at 74.25 ± 3.11. Abalone given UF-N and UF-M showed significantly lower mean WG and SL. Survival was high and was significantly different (P < 0.05) between treatments. The highest FCR was obtained with abalone fed seaweeds. Apparent digestibility for dry matter of both the RF and UF were high at 95.67% ± 1.17% and 95.95% ± 0.45%, respectively. Apparent digestibility of ingredient seaweed was 99.4% ± 1.38%. Regression analysis of data showed better percent water stability for RF (57%; R2 = 0.954) compared with UF (38%; R2 = 0.790) after 24 h. Meat quality of the final product assessed through Hedonic scale taste testing and one-way ANOVA did not show any significant variations in taste, texture, color, odor, and general acceptability. Results have demonstrated that the refinement done on the formulated feed may enable the abalone to grow to its marketable size of about 5-6 cm in a shorter culture period (180 days) in concrete land-based tanks. -
Nursery and grow-out culture of the abalone Haliotis asinina on a reef flat: A comparison of growth and survival using different culture containers
Lebata-Ramos, Ma. Junemie Hazel
; ; ; Sibonga, Rema ; ; (Elsevier, 2021-08)
The study was conducted to compare four different culture containers [cage, recycled oil container, tray (control), and tube] in the nursery and grow-out culture of the abalone Haliotis asinina on a reef flat. For nursery culture, early juvenile abalone with mean shell length (SL) of 1.30 ± 0.006 cm and mean body weight (BW) of 0.45 ± 0.007 g were stocked in the containers at 100 ind m−2 and reared until they attained the 3 cm SL size required for grow-out culture in three of the four culture containers. For grow-out culture, juvenile abalone harvested from nursery culture with mean SL of 3.23 ± 0.018 cm and mean BW of 7.33 ± 0.131 g were stocked in the containers at 50 ind m−2 and reared until they were harvestable at 5 cm SL cocktail size in three of the four culture containers. The 3 cm SL grow-out size was attained at 90 days of culture (DOC) in recycled containers, trays, and tubes, while the 5 cm SL cocktail size at 180 DOC in the same containers. Abalone reared in tubes had the highest mean SL after 90 DOC in nursery culture (3.21 cm), while those in trays after 180 DOC in grow-out culture (5.30 cm). However, at the end of the nursery and grow-out culture, there were no significant differences in mean SL among the abalone reared in these three culture containers. In both culture phases, abalone reared in cages had the lowest mean SL, 2.88 and 4.44 cm, respectively. Survival was highest in trays (98.64%) during nursery culture and in tubes (96.57%) during grow-out culture. With comparable results in recycled containers, trays, and tubes for both growth and survival at the nursery and grow-out phases, tubes are recommended for use when culture is to be done on reef flats. Tubes are the most stable and durable among the four culture containers tested. They can withstand strong winds and waves and may be reused for several culture runs.
