Luminous Vibrio and the greenwater culture of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon with tilapia
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2017Page views
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Luminous vibriosis is a devastating infection of penaeid shrimp larvae and juveniles causing heavy mortalities. To counter the bacterial pathogen, Vibrio harveyi, shrimp farmers in the Philippines modified their growout culture method of the black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, juveniles and developed the greenwater culture technique. This culture method involves the use of pond water of all-male, saline-tolerant Oreochromis hornorum as rearing water for the culture of shrimp juveniles in ponds. Such a modified culture of P. monodon juveniles was found effective in preventing the onset of luminous vibriosis. Basic studies revealed that antiluminous Vibrio factors are inherent in the bacterial, fungal, and microalgal flora of the tilapia water, dermal mucus, and gut that singly or collectively inhibit the growth of V. harveyi, in vitro. The skin mucus studies of other brackishwater fish species showed that the siganids, Siganus guttatus, and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus), as well as sea bass, Lates calcarifer, are promising alternative fish species for this novel shrimp culture method. A review of pond-simulated studies in tanks and ponds, similarly, confirmed these findings and the impact of the greenwater culture technique on water quality, including its economic benefits to the farmer. The greenwater culture of shrimp can sustain the successful production of shrimp juveniles by inhibition of the luminous Vibrio. This culture method is also currently used in the growout culture of the white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei.
การอ้างอิง
Lio-Po, G. D. (2017). Luminous Vibrio and the greenwater culture of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon with tilapia. In P. W. Perschbacher & R. R. Stickney (Eds.), Tilapia in Intensive Co-culture (pp. 81–93). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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9781118970652คอลเลกชัน
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Studies on the efficacy of Sarafin® (sarafloxacin hydrochloride) on vibrios associated with vibriosis in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon)
Pakingking, Rolando V., Jr.
; ; (Fish Health Section, Asian Fisheries Society, 2002)
In vitro activity of Sarafin® (sarafloxacin hydrochloride) was determined against 7 luminous Vibrio harveyi isolates and 3 non-luminous Vibrio species (V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus and Vibrio species) isolated from diseased shrimp (Penaeus monodon) and rearing water, a strain of V. anguillarum from diseased marine fish, 1 strain each of V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. mimicus from diseased grouper (Epinephelus coioides), and V. alginolyticus from diseased seabass (Lates calcarifer). Bacterial susceptibility was expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The MIC and MBC values obtained for all V. harveyi isolates ranged from <0.3 to 1.25 µg/ml. For the non-luminous Vibrio species, MIC and MBC values ranged from <0.08 to 1.25 µg/ml. In vivo tolerance levels (24 h static bioassay) of larval and postlarval stages of P. monodon for Sarafin® were <10 µg/ml for nauplii, mysis, and postlarvae and ≤1 µg/ml for zoeae. Morphological deformities in the carapace, rostrum, and setae were noted among larvae exposed to >50 µg/ml Sarafin®. These results indicate that Sarafin® is a potential candidate as a chemotherapeutic agent against luminous vibriosis in P. monodon. -
Bacterial loads in hatcheries and virulence of Vibrio spp. to larvae of the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon
(Bureau of Agricultural Research, Department of Agriculture, 2007)Shrimp hatcheries are high-density systems and are prone to diseases. A small-scale and a large-scale hatchery for the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon in Iloilo, Philippines were monitored over two months for water quality and shrimp survival. Water quality (water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and specific gravity) was not significantly different between the two hatcheries. However, the small hatchery seemed to favor survival of eggs to early postlarval stages, whereas the large hatchery favored the survival of late postlarvae. The normal microflora and bacterial loads of tiger shrimp eggs, larvae, postlarvae, and rearing water were determined to identify the dominant bacteria and potential pathogens. Shrimp eggs harbored the lowest heterotrophic bacterial counts. The counts increased from the nauplii to the mysis stages, decreased during the mysis stage, and then gradually increased in the older larvae. Bacterial loads in the rearing water reflected those in raw sea water and reservoir-aged sea water. Vibrio, Pseudomonas, and Aeromonas were not detected in eggs but were found in postlarvae. Ubiquitous in sea water, these bacteria increased with the build-up of organic matter. The bacterial load in the water adversely affected larval survival. Forty bacterial strains were isolated from tiger shrimp eggs, larvae, postlarvae, from the feeds, and from the rearing water. These were tested for biochemical characteristics and segregated into eight groups or genera. Six genera were found in the mysis and five genera in the postlarvae. The Vibrio species were dominant. Only Escherichia spp. were present in feeds, whereas five genera were present in the rearing water. Only Vibrio and Pseudomonas were present in both larvae and water. Moraxella, Aeromonas, and Klebsiella were found in larvae but not in rearing water. Micrococcus and coryneforms were found only in rearing water. Four Vibrio isolates were tested for virulence against shrimp postlarvae at inoculation densities of 102 and 107 cfu/ml. The four Vibrio species caused mortality of postlarvae, and more at the higher inoculation density. The most virulent was Vibrio anguillarum—30% of postlarvae died after 24 h exposure to a bacterial density of 102 cfu/ml, and all larvae died after 48 h at 107 cfu/ml. Shrimp hatcheries must have protocols for hygiene and sanitation and for disease prevention and control. -
Isolation of Vibrio spp. from Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) with red disease syndrome
Tendencia, Eleonor; (Elsevier, 1997)
From January 1990 to June 1993, 59% of the total juvenile to adult shrimp Penaeus monodon submitted for diagnosis at the Fish Health Section of the Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines were diagnosed to have red disease syndrome. Red disease syndrome is characterized by the reddening of the shrimp body. The aetiology of the disease is unknown. This paper reports for the first time the isolation of four Vibrio phenotypes, namely, Vibrio harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. fluuialis and Vibrio sp. from shrimps with red disease. Pathogenicity test shows that injection with V. parahaemolyticus and V. harveyi can produce the characteristic red discoloration in healthy shrimp.
