Hatchery production of sea cucumbers: Status, problems and directions
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2025ผู้เขียน
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Sea cucumbers are ecologically and economically important marine invertebrates, whose wild populations have been threatened by overfishing in recent decades. The rapid decline in wild stocks was driven by high market prices of sea cucumber products for food and medicine. Fortunately, recent developments in hatchery seed production technologies have paved the way towards establishing a more sustainable sea cucumber industry through aquaculture without dependence on massive collections from natural populations.
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sea cucumber puti-an kiskisan kagisan cortidoการอ้างอิง
Altamirano, J. (2025). Hatchery production of sea cucumbers: Status, problems and directions. In W. H. Uy, J. P. Trillo, M. B. Sornito, C. Y. Bacsarpa, D. C. N. Carillo, & V. E. Leopardas (Eds.), National Sea Cucumber Conference and Workshop: Learnings and Ways Forward, 2024 and Beyond Conference Proceedings (pp. 23–25). Mindanao State University at Naawan.
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Conference paperISBN
978-621-96870-6-5 (print); 978-621-96870-7-2 (online)คอลเลกชัน
- Conference Proceedings [300]
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Aquaculture breeding enhancement: Maturation and spawning in sea cucumbers using a recombinant relaxin-like gonad-stimulating peptide
; ; ; ; ; Palma, Peter
; Suwansa-ard, Saowaros ; ; (Frontiers Media, 2019-02-19)
Wild sea cucumber resources have been rapidly exhausted and therefore there is an urgent need to develop approaches that will help restocking. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding the genes involved in sea cucumber reproductive processes. The neurohormone relaxin-like gonad-stimulating peptide (RGP) has been identified as the active gonad-stimulating peptide in sea stars (Asteroidea), which could also be present in other echinoderm groups. In this study, a sea cucumber RGP was identified and confirmed by phylogenetic analysis. A recombinant Holothuria scabra RGP was produced in the yeast Pichia pastoris and confirmed by mass spectrometry. To assess bioactivity, four levels of purification were tested in an in vitro germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) bioassay. The most pure form induced 98.56 ± 1.19% GVBD in H. scabra and 89.57 ± 1.19% GVBD in Holothuria leucospilota. Cruder levels of purification still resulted in some GVBD. Upon single injection into female H. scabra, the recombinant RGP induced head waving behavior followed by spawning within 90–170 min. Spawned oocytes were fertilized successfully, larvae settled and developed into juveniles. Our results provide a key finding for the development of a break-through new artificial breeding approach in sea cucumber aquaculture. -
Series: ACIAR Proceedings; No. 136
Overview of sea cucumber aquaculture and sea-ranching research in the South-East Asian region
(Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 2012)South-East Asia has traditionally been the global centre of production of tropical sea cucumbers for Chinese markets. Early research into culture methods took place outside this region, notably in India, the Pacific region and China. However, recent investment in Holothuria scabra (sandfish) culture has led to some significant advances within this region. The Philippines and Vietnam have been at the forefront of recent efforts, with involvement from substantial national programs and local institutions as well as international donors and scientific organisations. Smaller programs are ongoing in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Recent advances and simplifications in hatchery techniques are a major step forward, having promoted the development of experimental-scale sea-ranching ventures, and given rise to a small, commercial pond-based culture industry in Vietnam. Technology developments in nursery systems are likely to provide opportunities for culture enterprises in a broader range of environments than is now possible. A major research thrust in the Philippines towards developing cooperative sea-ranching enterprises has demonstrated good potential, and institutional/legislative arrangements to ensure adequate property rights have been tested. Rotational culture with shrimp is proving successful in Vietnam, while the possibility of proximate co-culture of sandfish and shrimp has largely been ruled out. Small-scale experiments in the Philippines raise the possibility of co-culture in ponds with a number of finfish species. Current research directions are looking at diversifying technology to increase success in a range of coastal conditions, better understanding the social and biophysical conditions required for success, and finding ways of effectively scaling-out developed systems and technology. -
Sandfish: Profitable sea cucumbers also supply bioremediation
(Global Aquaculture Alliance, 2011)Sandfish, a type of sea cucumber, are both a high-value culture species and one that supports the aquaculture of other fish species by cleaning up waste on the bottoms of ponds or sea cages. Hatchery and nursery technologies for sandfish are being continuously refined by Vietnam’s Research Institute of Aquaculture No. 3, the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center and their partners. These technologies have also been initially transferred to the private sector through a training course and manual.
