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    • Probiotics in aquaculture 

      Ringø, Einar (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2002)
      The skin, lateral line, gills and gastrointestinal tract or a combination of these organs are suggested to be infection routes in fish. This presentation will present some information on pathogenesis, protection against ...
    • Diagnostic practices for marine fish viral diseases in Thailand 

      Kanchanakhan, Somkiat (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2002)
      The Department of Fisheries, Thailand has three institutions that are capable of virus isolation using fish cell culture system: the Aquatic Animal Health Research Institute (AAHRI), the National Institute of Coastal ...
    • Diagnostic and preventive practices for viral nervous necrosis (VNN) 

      Nakai, Toshihiro (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2002)
      Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) or viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) caused by piscine nodaviruses (=betanodaviruses) has spread worldwide in the past decade among cultured marine fish. The present paper briefly ...
    • Diagnostic and preventive practices for iridovirus in marine fish 

      Nakajima, Kazuhiro (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2002)
      The first outbreak of red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD) caused by red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) was recorded among cultured red sea bream (Pagrus major) in 1990 in Ehime, Shikoku, Japan. Since then, the disease ...
    • Diagnostic and preventive practices for WSSV in Japan 

      Mushiake, Keiichi (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2002)
      White spot syndrome (WSS), considered equivalent to PAV (penaeid acute viremia) in Japan, has become the most serious problem not only in the farming industry but also in hatcheries for sea ranching of kuruma prawn, Penaeus ...
    • An overview of PCR techniques for shrimp disease diagnosis in Asia, with emphasis on Thailand 

      Flegel, Timothy W. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2002)
      Asia leads the world in cultivated shrimp production with export earnings in the order of billions of US dollars per year. In spite of this success, annual production decreased in the late nineties because of widespread ...
    • Advances in diagnosis and management of shrimp virus diseases in the Americas 

      Lightner, Donald V. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2002)
      The most important diseases of cultured penaeid shrimp, in terms of economic impact, in Asia, the Indo-Pacific, and the Americas, have infectious etiologies. Although diseases with bacterial, fungal, and parasitic etiologies ...
    • Health maintenance and monitoring. 

      Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; de la Peña, Leobert D. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
      For aquaculture species with mature technologies, the major constraints in production are usually related to health maintenance, disease occurrence, and product quality. These issues are inter-related, especially if disease ...
    • Introduction: Diseases in farmed mud crabs Scylla spp. : diagnosis, prevention, and control. 

      Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; de la Peña, Leobert D. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
    • Glossary: Diseases in farmed mud crabs Scylla spp. 

      Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; de la Peña, Leobert D. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
    • Diseases in eggs and larvae 

      Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; de la Peña, Leobert D. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
    • Diseases in juveniles and adults. 

      Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; de la Peña, Leobert D. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
    • Appendices: Diseases in farmed mud crabs Scylla spp. 

      Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; de la Peña, Leobert D. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
    • Diseases in farmed mud crabs Scylla spp.: Diagnosis, prevention, and control. 

      Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R.; de la Peña, Leobert D. (Aquaculture Dept., Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004-12)
      Aquaculture production has suffered many set-backs due to the occurrence of diseases. Many of the diseases are caused by infectious organisms that are difficult to detect and need sophisticated instruments for diagnosis, ...
    • Viral diseases 

      Lio-Po, Gilda D.; de la Peña, Leobert D. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
      Some viral infections are serious diseases of groupers causing heavy mortalities. In most cases, larval stages are the most susceptible stage. With the carnivorous nature of groupers, they can readily ingest viral pathogens ...
    • Environmental diseases 

      Erazo-Pagador, Gregoria E.; Cruz-Lacierda, Erlinda R. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
      This chapter focuses on swimbladder stress syndrome and gas bubble disease, the two most common disorders due to adverse environmental conditions.
    • Nutritional diseases 

      Amar, Edgar C. ORCID; Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
      Nutritional diseases of fish may develop as a result of deficiency (undernutrition), excess (overnutrition), or imbalance (malnutrition) of nutrients present in their food. The disease usually develops gradually because ...
    • Parasitic diseases 

      Cruz-Lacierda, Erlinda R.; Erazo-Pagador, Gregoria E. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
      A wide variety of parasitic organisms have been reported as causing significant problems in grouper aquaculture. In the hatchery and nursery stages, parasitic diseases of groupers are caused predominantly by protozoans, ...
    • Bacterial diseases 

      Tendencia, Eleonor ORCID; Lavilla-Pitogo, Celia R. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
      Bacteria are very common in the aquatic environment. Most bacterial disease agents are part of the normal flora of the water. They cause disease only when the fish are stressed due to poor environmental conditions, inadequate ...
    • Fungal diseases 

      Catap, Elena S.; Lio-Po, Gilda D. (Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
      The incidence of ichthyophoniosis in groupers (Epinephelus) has been reported in Plectropomus sp. in Singapore and Cromileptes altivelis in Indonesia. It has also been known to infect at least 80 other species of teleost ...