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Bacterial isolation, identification and storage
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Bacterial isolation, purification and identification are the first steps to bacteriological studies. Isolation is done to obtain pure bacterial cultures. Bacteria are usually isolated from fish kidney and spleen; and from ...
Disk diffusion method
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Disk diffusion method is based on the principle that antibiotic-impregnated disk, placed on agar previously inoculated with the test bacterium, pick-up moisture and the antibiotic diffuse radially outward through the agar ...
Parasitic diseases
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
A wide variety of parasitic organisms have been reported as causing significant problems in grouper aquaculture. In the hatchery and nursery stages, parasitic diseases of groupers are caused predominantly by protozoans, ...
Viral diseases
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Some viral infections are serious diseases of groupers causing heavy mortalities. In most cases, larval stages are the most susceptible stage. With the carnivorous nature of groupers, they can readily ingest viral pathogens ...
Bacterial diseases
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Bacteria are very common in the aquatic environment. Most bacterial disease agents are part of the normal flora of the water. They cause disease only when the fish are stressed due to poor environmental conditions, inadequate ...
Nutritional diseases
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Nutritional diseases of fish may develop as a result of deficiency (undernutrition), excess (overnutrition), or imbalance (malnutrition) of nutrients present in their food. The disease usually develops gradually because ...
Environmental diseases
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
This chapter focuses on swimbladder stress syndrome and gas bubble disease, the two most common disorders due to adverse environmental conditions.
Fungal diseases
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
The incidence of ichthyophoniosis in groupers (Epinephelus) has been reported in Plectropomus sp. in Singapore and Cromileptes altivelis in Indonesia. It has also been known to infect at least 80 other species of teleost ...
Detection of antibiotic residues in aquaculture products
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2004)
Aquacultured animals are under constant threat from bio-aggressors such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. These organisms harm either spontaneously or through aquatic animal husbandry practices, and often both. ...
Monitoring of antimicrobial usage and drug resistant bacteria in shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture in Thailand
(Aquaculture Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, 2005-03)
The susceptibility and resistance of Vibrio from shrimp were tested using chemotherapeutants that has been widely used in the past and at present in Thailand. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxolinic acid (OA), ...