There are 318 species of penaeid shrimps (Family Penaeidae) recorded in the world, of which about 80 species are placed under exploitation in fishing industry and/or cultivated artificially. The species under the genus Penaeus are particularly favored for human consumption because of their larger size and palatability and are therefore exposed to extensive capture by fishing boats. The shrimp fishing industry has developed in various parts of coastal waters worldwide extending from the temperate to tropical zones in both hemispheres. The nations engaged in shrimp fishing are numerous; Japan, U.S.A., Mexico, Thailand, India, lead in terms of volume of catch. Japan, for instance one of the large shrimp consuming nations in the world, has been dispatching shrimp fishing boats to many countries whether on her own capital or in joint ventures. Japan annually imports some 100,000 tons of frozen shrimp of which penaeids rank first in quantity. Meanwhile, the demand for shrimp is expected to rise in the years to come. The shrimp fishing industry and its operation are conducted and managed naturally, as indicated above, under international agreement. However, confusions arise particularly regarding the common names of shrimp caught or the products. It is evident that many commercial species of penaeids are given common names which differ from one country to another. For instance, the so-called "white shrimp" adopted by commercial circles includes nine different species. Understandably, these nine species, aside form being closely related biologically, are characterized by whitish coloration of the body. The present list was compiled to show the status of shrimp nomenclature, based on available literature, giving scientific names and English common names adopted or applied. The present article is written in the hope that the common names of penaeid shrimp shall be standardized internationally at least in English. Needless to say, the standardization will contribute greatly to world trading, as well as to scientific studies.

Information is presented regarding the biology and culture of Lates calcarifer in order to serve as a practical guide for extension workers and farmers. Hatchery design, seed production and hatchery techniques, culture of seabass and financial aspects of the seabass culture industry are described.

This manual includes the biology of mud crab, and describes principles and procedures for spawning the mature crabs (Scylla serrata, S. tranquebarica, and S. olivacea) and rearing the zoea to fly size crabs. It focuses on the hatchery rearing of S. serrata as this species is more economically viable than the two other species. The techniques may be modified depending on the conditions or problems encountered in a specific site.

Two sexually maturing female milkfish were captured in April 1977 and induced to spawn by means of acetone-dried Pacific salmon pituitary powder. The eggs were fertilized and incubated and the resultant young reared to 74-day old, 11 cm long fingerlings. Newly fertilized eggs averaged 1.16 mm in diameter and each had a narrow perivitelline space containing several cortical granules which disappeared within a few minutes. The yolk was slightly yellowish, devoid of oil globules and very finely granulated. Embryonic development was very similar to that of other pelagic fish eggs and hatching occurred between 35 to 36 hr at a salinity of 32 ppt and a temperature range of 28.4-29.2°C.

The manual provides information on the technology involved in induced maturation and broodstock of Penaeus monodon . Following background material on basic aspects of reproductive biology of the species such as mating, maturation, spawning and fecundity, a detailed discussion is presented on the broodstock tank and pen system and the ablation process.

The 32-page extension manual describes the biology, culture techniques and maintenance and mass propagation of 12 phytoplankton species used as live feed in marine hatcheries.