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The interconnectivity of land and water ecosystems and the uniqueness of lakes render lake management and conservation a very complex task. This is worsened by the predictable increasing demand for water and the continuing degradation of water resources due to indiscriminate utilization. Therefore, forging partnerships among government agencies and private institutions needs to be pursued to design and implement a sustainable management and conservation program for Philippine lakes. To promote such partnership, a nationwide planning system for the sustainable management and conservation of lakes should be put in place.
In recognition of this need, the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA) organized a “Roundtable Discussion on Lake Resource Management” to serve as a venue in convening institutions involved in lake research and development and to discuss and promote the sustainable management of lakes. The forum was conducted 26 January 2001 at SEARCA, College, Laguna, Philippines. One of its major outputs was an agreement to hold the First National Congress on Philippine Lakes to present, discuss, and analyze lake resource management issues in an integrated and coordinated manner.
From the initial group of seven institutions invited to this initial meeting, the number rose to 15: Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR); Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) of DENR; Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau (ERDB) of DENR; Forest Management Bureau (FMB) of DENR; Environment Management Bureau (FMB) of DENR; National Water Resources Board (NWRB) of DENR; Philippine Council for Aquatic and Marine Research and Development (PCAMRD) of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST); Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) of DOST; Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) of the Department of Agriculture (DA); National Institute of Geological Sciences (NIGS) of the University of the Philippines, Diliman; the Limnological Research Station of the University of the Philippines Los Banos; Tambuyog Development Center; Earthquake and Megacities Initiatives (EMI); Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC); and the lead agency, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA). The representatives of these institutions later evolved into the Technical Working Group (TWG) for LakeCon 2003.
The First National Congress on Philippine Lakes (LakeCon 2003) was held on November 25-28, 2003 at the Development Academy of the Philippines, Tagaytay City, Philippines. Three major themes were discussed at the LakeCon 2003: The Science of Lakes; Management and Policy Issues; and Doing Something About It: Lessons Learned. Towards the end of the Congress, participants came up with the Tagaytay Declaration on Philippine Lakes and agreed on a common vision for Philippine Lakes. The final activity of the Congress was the establishment of a network of institutions/individuals for Philippine lakes.
It is hoped that LakeCon 2003 enhanced continuing interest on Philippine lakes in the form of annual symposia, quadrennial national congresses, formulation of a Master Plan for lake conservation, interdisciplinary lacustrine research and development programs, and other relevant activities.
Finally, the organizers of LakeCon 2003 wish to thank Mayor Francis Tolentino and the people of Tagaytay City.
The Editors
Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgement
- Keynote Speech
Hon. Elisea Gozun, Secretary, Department of Environment and Natural Resources -
SESSION I - SCIENCE OF LAKES
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Oral Presentations
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Origin of Philippine Lakes
Raymundo Punongbayan -
Changes in Lake Morphology as Source of Basic Information for Lake Management: A Case Study on Laguna Lake, Philippines
Fernando Siringan and Caroline Marie Jaraula -
Five Thousand Years of Environmental History: Paoay Lake, Northern Luzon, Philippines
Janelle Stevenson, Jan Finn, Fernando Siringan and Domingo Madulid -
A Limnological Survey of Lake Duminagat, Mt. Malindang National Park, Misamis Occidental, Philippines
Carmelita Hansel, Teresita Poblete, Victoria Quimpang, Rhea Amor Lumactud, Diosdado Ganob, Emelyn Lumimas, Margilyn Lumimas, Luzminda Pacut and Roseller Panchito -
Lake Taal’s Freshwater Sardines Sardinella tawilis (Herre): Evolutionary Insights Based on Morphological, Molecular, and Geological Data
Roberto Pagulayan -
Nutrient and Bacterial Load Profile of Lake Mainit, Mindanao, Philippines
Elnor Roa, Jessie Gorospe, Marcelino Tumanda, Sonia Dejarme, Ruth Gaid, and Milan T. Daitia
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Origin of Philippine Lakes
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Poster Presentations
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Response of Phytoplankton to Temporal Changes in Nutrients in Taal Lake, Batangas, Philippines
Evangeline Enriquez and Teresita Perez -
Assessment of Migratory Fishes in Butas River, Naujan, Oriental Mindoro, Philippines
Marilyn Martinez Alcanices -
Protein-Degrading Bacteria in the Sediments of Caged and Uncaged Sites of Lake Taal, Batangas, Philippines
Ma. Elizabeth V. Enriquez, Nellie C. Lopez, Wilfredo L. Barraquio, and Arsenia A. Casauay -
The Ichthyofauna of Lake Manguao, Taytay, Palawan, Philippines with Special Reference to Endemic Species
Joie Matillano -
Bottom Sediment Transport in Laguna Lake, Laguna, Philippines Determined from Geochemistry
Ma. Yvainne Yacat-Sta. Maria and Fernando Siringan -
Influence of Salinity on Primary Productivity of Laguna Lake During the Last Few Hundred Years from Sediment Geochemistry
Fernando Siringan, Caroline Marie Jaraula, Karen Rodriguez, and Peter Zamora -
History of Trace Metal Pollution in Laguna Lake, Laguna, Philippines
Karen Rodriguez, Fernando Siringan, and Caroline Marie Jaraula -
Assessment of the Lumban River Delta in Laguna de Bay, Philippines for Conservation
Manuel Bravo -
Microcystins from the Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa in Laguna de Bay, Philippines
Maria Lourdes Cuvin-Aralar
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Response of Phytoplankton to Temporal Changes in Nutrients in Taal Lake, Batangas, Philippines
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Abstracts
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Catastrophic Flood Hazards from Crater Lakes: Parker and Pinatubo Volcanoes, Philippines
Norman Tuñgol, Ma. Isabel Abigania, and Ma. Antonia Bornas -
Transformation of Laguna Lake from a Marine Arm of Manila Bay to a Freshwater System
Caroline Jaraula and Fernando Siringan -
Bathymetry and Vertical Temperature Profile of Lake Mainit
Jessie Gorospe, Marcelino Tumanda Jr., and Elnor Roa
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Catastrophic Flood Hazards from Crater Lakes: Parker and Pinatubo Volcanoes, Philippines
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Oral Presentations
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SESSION II: MANAGEMENT AND POLICY ISSUES
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Oral Presentations
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Policy Issues on Lake Management in the Philippines
Rolando Metin -
Fisheries in the Floodplain Lakes of Agusan Marsh and its Implications for Sound Management
Cheryl Talde, Augustus Mamaril Sr., and Ma. Lourdes Palomares -
Back to Basics: Institutional and Behavioral Perspectives on the Taal Lake Fish Cage Industry
Arvin Vista and Patricia Norris -
Documenting the Presence and Impact of Introduced Freshwater Fishes for Aquaculture in the Philippines
Christine Marie Casal -
Socio-ecological Case Study of Lake Danao, Ormoc City, Philippines: Implications to Management and Policy
Buenaventura Dargantes -
Prawn Fisheries of Lake Bato
Edna Agasen -
Sustaining the Resource Use and Management of Sampaloc Lake, San Pablo City, Philippines: A Potable Source of Water
Aurora Jose -
Status and Impacts of Tilapia Fish Cage Farming in Lake Bato: Some Policy and Management Options for Sustainable Development
Plutomeo Nieves -
Aquaculture Practices in Laguna de Bay, Philippines
Corazon Santiago, Ulfert Focken, Angelito C. Gonzal, and Manuel A. Laron -
Hi-Density Tank Culture of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Using Lake Water with Effluent Management
Ruel Eguia and Aurelio delos Reyes Jr. -
Revisiting the Ligawasan Marshland in Mindanao: An Indigenous Resource Management System Study Towards Sustainability
Harris Sinolinding and F. L. Porciuncula
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Policy Issues on Lake Management in the Philippines
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Abstracts
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Managing the Sacred Lakes of Coron Island, Palawan, Philippines: Ensuring Environmental Protection and Securing Cultural Integrity through Indigenous Community Initiatives
Rodolfo Aguilar -
The Status of Sardinella tawilis in Taal Lake, Batangas, Philippines
Ma. Theresa Mutia -
Establishment and Management of Lake Protected Areas in the Philippines
Norma Molinyawe -
Partnership for the Sustainable Development of Tadlak Lake, Laguna, Philippines
Adelina Santos-Borja, Elrem Pena, Crispina Muan, Maximo Erasga, and Matilde Erasga -
Fishes of Laguna de Bay in the Philippines: Status and Research Gaps for Conservation Using FishBase
Grace Tolentino-Pablico
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Managing the Sacred Lakes of Coron Island, Palawan, Philippines: Ensuring Environmental Protection and Securing Cultural Integrity through Indigenous Community Initiatives
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Oral Presentations
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SESSION III: DOING SOMETHING ABOUT IT: LESSONS LEARNED
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Oral Presentations
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Issues, Challenges, and Lessons Learned in Lake Resources Management in the Philippines
Rafael Guerrero III -
Fish Cage and Pen Aquaculture: Impact on Lake Environment
Romeo Fortes -
Successful Translocation of Mountain Lake Makuwaw with Sinarapan (Mistichthys luzonensis), the “World’s Smallest Commercial Fish”
Victor Soliman -
Capability Building of Local Government Units (LGUs): A Tool Towards the Sustainable Management of Lakes in the Philippines
Adelaida Palma -
Integrated Water Resources Management: The Experience of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), Philippines
Jose Cariño III -
Pansipit River Rehabilitation Program, Batangas, Philippines
Evelyn Estigoy, Luis Awitan, Margarito Abacan, and Francisco Africa -
Investigation of Massive Fish Kill in Lake Buhi, Camarines Sur, Philippines
Virginia Olaño and Ulysses Montojo
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Issues, Challenges, and Lessons Learned in Lake Resources Management in the Philippines
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Poster Presentations
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Community Rehabilitation of Lake Lahit in South Cotabato, Philippines
Geronimo Sequito -
Partnership for Biodiversity Conservation: Experiences in Reviving the Stock of Sinarapan, the “World’s Smallest Commercial Fish”
Victor Soliman and Antonino Mendoza Jr. -
Legal Provisions for the Governance of Philippine Lakes
Maria Paz Luna
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Community Rehabilitation of Lake Lahit in South Cotabato, Philippines
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Abstracts
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Lake Leonard: A Lake Revived
Leonilo Rivera -
Conservation and Farming of a Common Freshwater Food Clam Tulla (Corbicula manilensis Philippi 1844) in the Laguna Lake Basin
Santiago Baconguis -
Naujan Lake National Park: An Anatidae Site Network
Edwin Pesigan and Marlynn Mendoza -
Photo Exhibit on Key Ecotourism Sites in the Philippines
Priscilla Calimag
-
Lake Leonard: A Lake Revived
-
Oral Presentations
-
WORKSHOP OUTPUTS
- Output of Workshops on Lake Congress Session Themes
- The Philippine Lake Vision
- The Tagaytay Declaration on Philippine Lakes
- Workshop to Organize a Philippine Lake Network
- Members of the Technical Working Group and Support Staff for LakeCon 2003
- Participants of LakeCon 2003
Recent Submissions
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Proceedings of the First National Congress on Philippine Lakes
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)The interconnectivity of land and water ecosystems and the uniqueness of lakes render lake management and conservation a very complex task. This is worsened by the predictable increasing demand for water and the continuing ... -
Photo exhibit on key ecotourism sites in the Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Executive Order (EO) 111 issued on June 17, 1999 establishing the guidelines for the development of ecotourism in the Philippines provided the legal framework for the partnership of the Department of Tourism (DOT) and the ... -
Naujan Lake National Park: An Anatidae Site Network
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)The Anatidae Family consists of ducks, geese and swans. These birds are one of the groups of waterbirds that are ecologically dependent on wetlands*, at least at some parts of their life cycle. Anatidae species and their ... -
Conservation and farming of a common freshwater food clam, tulla (Corbicula manilensis Philippi 1844), in the Laguna Lake basin
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Stocking of tulla (Corbicula manilensis) in small water impounding dam was studied in the Angat Watersheds, Bulacan, Philippines at elevation 209 m above mean sea level. Result of the study indicates that tulla introduction ... -
Lake Leonard: A lake revived
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Lake Leonard is a potential ecotourism destination still unknown to many. It is located within the hinterlands of Maco, Compostela Valley Province (formerly part of Davao del Norte), Philippines. The lake was formerly ... -
Legal provisions for the governance of Philippine lakes
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Lakes have been governed in legal history under laws on fisheries. The Local Government Code (LGC) and the spate of recent legislation on fisheries, ancestral domain, protected areas, and wildlife have thrown into disarray ... -
Partnership for biodiversity conservation: Experiences in reviving the stock of sinarapan, the world s smallest commercial fish
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)This paper presents the successful partnership of the Buhi local government, the San Ramon Barangay Council and its residents, and the Bicol University for successfully reviving the stock of sinarapan (Mistichthys luzonensis ... -
Community rehabilitation of Lake Lahit in South Cotabato, Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Lake Lahit, situated at the north central part of the Municipality of Lake Sebu in South Cotabato, Philippines, is the smallest lake among the three lakes of Lake Sebu. It has an area of 24 ha. It is the center of livelihood ... -
Investigation of massive fish kill in Lake Buhi, Camarines Sur, Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Lake Buhi is a multi-species fishery resource and known worldwide for being the home of the world s smallest commercial fish (Mistichthys luzonensis). The lake is used for fishery, agriculture, irrigation, hydroelectric ... -
Pansipit river rehabilitation program, Batangas, Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)In the early 1990s, fish cages were established in Pansipit River, the only outlet from Taal Lake going to Balayan Bay, Batangas, Philippines. This resulted to the clogging of water current and population decline of marine ... -
Integrated water resources management: the experience of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Laguna de Bay is the largest inland body of water in the Philippines and one of the largest lakes in Southeast Asia. The lake and its watershed, technically referred to as the Laguna de Bay Region or Basin, encompasses the ... -
Capability building of Local Government Units (LGUs): A tool towards the sustainable management of lakes in the Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Under the Local Government Code (LGC), the management jurisdiction over the municipal waters lies with the local government units (LGUs). To enhance the capability of the LGUs as resource managers, in partnership with the ... -
Successful translocation of mountain Lake Makuwaw with sinarapan (Mistichthys luzonensis), the "world's smallest commercial fish"
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Some 75,000 pieces of live sinarapan (Mistichthys luzonensis) individuals were transferred to mountain Lake Makuwaw in San Ramon, Buhi, Camarines Sur in January to May 2001. Before the fish transfers, the lake was chosen ... -
Fish cage and pen aquaculture: Impact on lake environment
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)The continuous utilization of the aquatic resources of the Philippines - both fresh and marine waters -for food and feeds including export of fish and other fishery products, had resulted to greater exploitation of these ... -
Issues, challenges, and lessons learned in lake resources management in the Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)The Philippines is endowed with more than 200 lakes that are abundant in water, fisheries and other resources. With the exception of five major lakes (Laguna de Bay, Lake Lanao, Lake Taal, Lake Naujan and Lake Buhi), there ... -
Fishes of Laguna de Bay in the Philippines: Status and research gaps for conservation using FishBase
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)FishBase is the world s premier database on fishes with key information on more than 27,800 species. A review of FishBase indicates that the fish fauna of Laguna de Bay consists of 31 species belonging to 18 families. Three ... -
Partnership for the sustainable development of Tadlak Lake, Laguna, Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Tadlak Lake is one of the several crater lakes of Laguna Province. It is located in Barangay Tadlak, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. It lies southwest of Laguna de Bay, 14°11 14 to 14°10 56 north and 121° 12 10.2 to ... -
Establishment and management of lake protected areas in the Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)Republic Act No. 7586 or the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 provides the overall policy framework for the establishment and management of protected areas in the Philippines. The Law sets the ... -
The status of Sardinella tawilis in Taal Lake, Batangas, Philippines
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)The status of the world s only freshwater sardine, Sardinella tawilis, is presented by its population dynamics, related aspects of biology, and production trends. A policy matrix was designed to show strategies on how to ... -
Managing the sacred lakes of Coron Island, Palawan, Philippines: Ensuring environmental protection and securing cultural integrity through indigenous community initiatives
(Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), 2005)The Tagbanwa of Coron Island have, since time immemorial, been managing their island and its surrounding waters. The Philippine Government recognizes this right and capability by awarding a Certificate of Ancestral Domain ...